Django模型多表之间的三种关系

码喵喵

于 2023-12-09 16:31:01 发布

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文章标签： django python 后端 mysql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58414150/article/details/134896546

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1.Django模型单表

models.py：

from django.db import models

# 创建模型类
class PersonModel(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20,unique=True)
    age = models.IntegerField(default=18)

    # 表名
    class Meta:
        db_table = "tb_person"

    def __str__(self):
        return f'id:{self.id}-name:{self.name}-age:{self.age}'

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'id:{self.id}-name:{self.name}-age:{self.age}'

views.py：

import math
from django.db.models import Max, Min, Sum, Avg, Count
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
# 导入models
from App.models import *

# 创建视图函数
# 添加
def add(request):
    # 方式一
    # try:
    #     user = PersonModel()
    #     user.name = "张三"
    #     user.age = 33
    #     user.save()
    # except Exception as e:
    #     return HttpResponse("add fail!")
    # return HttpResponse("add success!")

    # 方式二
    # try:
    #     user = PersonModel(name="李四",age="44")
    #     user.save()
    # except Exception as e:
    #     return HttpResponse("add fail!")
    # return HttpResponse("add success!")

    # 方式三
    # try:
    #     PersonModel.objects.create(name='王五',age=55)
    # except Exception as e:
    #     return HttpResponse("add fail!")
    # return HttpResponse("add success!")

    # 方式四
    # try:
    #     ret = PersonModel.objects.get_or_create(name='赵六', age=66)
    #     print(ret) # (<PersonModel: PersonModel object (4)>, True)
    # except Exception as e:
    #     return HttpResponse("add fail!")
    p = PersonModel.objects
    for i in range(6, 51):
        p.create(name=f'吴{i}范', age=i)
    return HttpResponse("add success!")

# 删除
def delete(request):
    try:
        # person = PersonModel.objects.first() # 删除第一条数据
        # person.delete()
        PersonModel.objects.filter(age__gt=55).delete()  # age > 55的数据
    except Exception as e:
        return HttpResponse("删除失败！")
    return HttpResponse("删除成功！")

# 修改
def update(request):
    try:
        # 修改一条数据
        p = PersonModel.objects.first()
        p.age = 666
        p.save(update_fields=['age'])  # 修改指定的字段
        # 修改多条数据
        # PersonModel.objects.all().update(age = 100)
    except Exception as e:
        return HttpResponse('修改失败！')
    return HttpResponse('修改成功！')

# 查询
def get(request):
    # 查询单个
    # p = PersonModel.objects.get(id = 2)
    # print(p,type(p))
    # print(p.name,p.age)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.get(age=666)
    # print(p.name,p.age)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.first()
    # print(p.name,p.age)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.last()
    # print(p.name,p.age)
    # 查询全部
    # p = PersonModel.objects.all()
    # print(p,type(p))
    # for item in p:
    #     print(item.name,item.age)
    # filter
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter()
    # print(p,type(p))
    # for i in p:
    #     print(i.name,i.age)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(name='王八')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__gt=200)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__gte=200)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__lt=200)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__lte=200)
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__range=[200,400])
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__in=[800,300,666,777])
    # p = PersonModel.objects.exclude(age__in=[200,400,880])
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(name__contains='王')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(name__startswith='马')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(name__endswith='六')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(name__regex='^马')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(name__regex='奇$')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter(age__='马')
    # p = PersonModel.objects.filter()
    # print(p.count())
    # p = p.values('name','age')
    # print(p)

    # 聚合函数 ： max,min,sum
    # result = PersonModel.objects.aggregate(Max('age')) # 最大值
    # result = PersonModel.objects.aggregate(Min('age')) # 最小值
    # result = PersonModel.objects.aggregate(Avg('age'))   # 平均值
    # result = PersonModel.objects.aggregate(Count('age'))  # 条数
    # result = PersonModel.objects.aggregate(Sum('age'))   # 求和
    # print(result)

    # 排序
    # p = PersonModel.objects.order_by('age')  # 按age升序
    # p = PersonModel.objects.order_by('age','-id')  # 按age升序,然后在age相同时再按id降序
    # p = PersonModel.objects.order_by('-age')  # 降序
    # print(p)

    return HttpResponse("查询成功")

# 分页查询
def paginate(request, page=1):
    # page 页码
    # per_page 页数
    per_page = 10
    persons = PersonModel.objects.all()
    total = persons.count()  # 总数量
    total_page = math.ceil(total / per_page)  # 总页数
    pages = range(1, total_page + 1)  # 页码列表
    persons = persons[(page - 1) * per_page:page * per_page]
    data = {'persons': persons, 'pages': pages}
    return render(request, 'paginate.html', data)

# 分页器查询
def paginate2(request, page=1):
    per_page = 10
    all_data = PersonModel.objects.all()
    persons = Paginator(all_data, per_page) # 分页器分页
    pages = persons.page_range  # 分页页码列表
    persons = persons.page(page)  # 获取第page页的数据

    data = {'persons':persons,'pages':pages}
    return render(request,'paginate2.html',data)

2.Django模型一对一关系

models.py：

from django.db import models

# 创建模型
# 身份证
class IDCard(models.Model):
    idcard_num = models.CharField(max_length=18,unique=True)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=200)

# 用户
class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True)
    age = models.IntegerField(default=18)
    sex = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # 一对一关系
    idcard = models.OneToOneField(IDCard,on_delete=models.PROTECT)

views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from One2One.models import *

# 创建视图函数
# 一对一的增删改和一对多的类似
# 查询
def select(request):

    # 查询用户的身份证信息
    user = User.objects.get(id=1)
    print(user.idcard)  # 对象
    print(user.idcard.address,user.idcard.idcard_num)

    # 查询身份证对应的用户信息
    idcard = IDCard.objects.get(id=1)
    print(idcard.user)      # 对象
    print(idcard.user.name,idcard.user.age,idcard.user.sex)
    return HttpResponse('查询成功！！！')

3.Django模型一对多关系

models.py：

from django.db import models

# 创建模型
# 用户类型
class UserType(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

# 用户
class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    age = models.IntegerField(default=18)
    user_type = models.ForeignKey(UserType,on_delete=models.PROTECT,null=True,related_name='users')

    # on_delete = models.CASCADE 级联删除
    # on_delete=models.PROTECT  保护删除
    # on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT,default=1   设置默认值的删除
    # on_delete=models.SET_NULL,null=True      设置为null的删除

    # related_name='users' 相当于user_set的关联名称

views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from One2Many.models import *

# 创建视图函数
# 添加
def add(request):
    # 添加用户类型UserType
    # names = ['青铜','白银','黄金','砖石','大师','王者']
    # for name in names:
    #     UserType.objects.create(name=name)

    # 添加用户 方式一
    # for i in range(11,30):
    #     User.objects.create(name=f'张三-{i}',age=i,user_type_id= i%6+1)
    #
    # 方式二
    # for i in range(11, 30):
    #     User.objects.create(name=f'李四-{i}', age=100+i,user_type=UserType.objects.get(pk=i%6+1))

    return HttpResponse("添加成功！")

# 删除数据
def delete(request):
    #UserType.objects.filter(id=6).delete()
    UserType.objects.filter(id=3).delete()

    return HttpResponse("删除成功！")

# 修改数据
def update(request):
    # 修改用户数据
    # User.objects.filter(id=2).update(age=666)

    # 修改用户类型数据
    UserType.objects.filter(id=1).update(name='钻石')

    return HttpResponse("修改成功！")

# 查询数据
def select(request):
    # 正向查询
    # user = User.objects.get(id=2)
    # print(user.name,user.age,user.user_type,user.user_type_id)
    # print(user.user_type.name,user.user_type.id)

    # 反向查询
    # uType = UserType.objects.get(id=1)
    # print(uType.user_set)              # 管理器对象
    # print(uType.user_set.all())        # 查询集

    # users = User.objects.filter(user_type=UserType.objects.get(name='钻石'))
    # print(users)

    # uType = UserType.objects.get(id=1)
    # print(uType.users)                 # 管理器对象相当于user_set
    # print(uType.users.all())           # 查询集

    uType = UserType.objects.filter(users__age=666)
    print(uType)

    return HttpResponse("查询成功！")

4.Django模型多对多关系

models.py：

from django.db import models

# 创建模型
# 电影模型
class Movie(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    duration = models.IntegerField(default=90)

# 用户模型
class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    age = models.IntegerField(default=18)
    # 多对多关系
    movies = models.ManyToManyField(Movie)

views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from Many2Many.models import *

# 创建视图函数
# 添加数据
def add(request):
    # 添加用户数据
    # for i in range(1,10):
    #     User.objects.create(name=f'张三{i}',age=i)

    # 添加电影
    # for i in range(1,10):
    #     Movie.objects.create(name=f'阿凡达{i}',duration=100+i)

    # 添加中间表的数据
    # 让张三1 收藏 阿凡达1
    user = User.objects.get(name='张三1')
    movie = Movie.objects.get(name='阿凡达2')

    # 添加收藏
    # user.movies.add(movie) # 用户收藏电影
    movie.user_set.add(user) # 电影被用户收藏

    return HttpResponse('添加成功！！！')

# 删除
def delete(request):
    # 删除用户
    # User.objects.get(id=9).delete()
    # 删除电影
    # Movie.objects.get(id=9).delete()

    # 删除中间表
    # 除了删除中间表还删除了电影表中的阿凡达3这条记录
    # user = User.objects.get(name='张三1')
    # user.movies.filter(name='阿凡达3').delete()

    # 只删除中间表的关联记录数据
    user = User.objects.get(name='张三1')
    movie = Movie.objects.get(name='阿凡达4')
    user.movies.remove(movie)

    return HttpResponse('删除成功！！！')

# 查询
def select(request):
    # 获取用户收藏的所有电影
    user = User.objects.get(id=1)
    print(user.movies.all())
    print('-'*50)
    # 获取电影被哪些用户收藏了
    movie = Movie.objects.get(id=4)
    print(movie.user_set.all())

    return HttpResponse('查询成功！！！')