Ansible的角色使用

目录

1.ansible角色简介

2.roles使用

playbook中使用

控制执行任务的顺序

3.ansible-galaxy

---

1.ansible角色简介

*Ansible roles 是为了层次化，结构化的组织Playbook
*roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模块及处理器放置于单独的目录中，并可以便捷地include它们
*roles一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中，在企业复杂业务场景中应用的频率很高
*以特定的层级目录结构进行组织的tasks、variables、handlers、templates、files等；相当于函数的调用把各个功能切割成片段来执行。

2.roles使用

roles_path = ~/.ansible/roles  存放roles目录的定义

[Devopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cat ansible.cfg

     [defaults]
inventory      = ~/.ansible/inventory
remote_user = Devopes
host_key_checking= False
modul_name = shell
roles_path = ~/.ansible/roles
[privilege_escalation]
become=True
become_method=sudo
become_user=root
#become_ask_pass=False

makdir       ~/.ansible/roles
ansible-galaxy init apache  设定apache目录
ansible-galaxy list 查看目录

[Devopes@westoslinux apache]$ ls
defaults  files  handlers  meta  README.md     tasks     templates  tests         vars
                 定义各种handles                           定义task           j2文本     测试角色 vars_file

[Devopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cat roles/apache/handlers/main.yml
---
- name: restart
  service:
    name: httpd
    state: restarted
[Devopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cat roles/apache/tasks/main.yml
- name: install apache
  dnf:
    name: httpd
    state: present
- name: start http
  service:
    name: httpd
    state: started
    enabled: yes
- name:
  template:
    src: ./vhost.j2
    dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
  notify: restart

- name: mkdir doc
  file:
    path: "{{item['doc']}}"
    state: directory
  loop: "{{webs}}"
- name: edit indext
  copy:
    content: "{{item['index']}}"
    dest: "{{item['doc']}}/index.html"
  loop: "{{webs}}"

- name: firewalld
  firewalld:
    service: http
    permanent: yes
    state: enabled
    immediate: yes
[Devopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cat roles/apache/vars/main.yml
---
webs:
- doc: /var/www/html/
  index: www.westos.com
 
- name: linux.westos.com
  doc: /var/www/westos.com/linux
  index: linux.westos.com

- name: new.westos.com
  doc: /var/www/westos.com/new
  index: new.westos.com
[Devopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cat roles/apache/templates/
cat: roles/apache/templates/: Is a directory
[Devopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cat roles/apache/templates/vhost.j2
{% for vhost in webs %}
{% if vhost.name is not defined %}
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
{%endif%}
{% if vhost.name is  defined %}
<VirtualHost *:80>
  Servername {{vhost.name}}
{%endif%}
  DocumentRoot {{vhost.doc}}
</VirtualHost>

{%endfor%}

[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ tree apache/
apache/
├── defaults
│   └── main.yml
├── files
├── handlers
│   └── main.yml
├── meta
│   └── main.yml
├── README.md
├── tasks
│   └── main.yml
├── templates
│   └── vhost.j2
├── tests
│   ├── inventory
│   └── test.yml
└── vars
    └── main.yml

8 directories, 9 files

playbook中使用

编辑YML文件

---
- hosts: westos
  roles:
    - role: apache

控制执行任务的顺序

---
- hosts: westos
  roles:
    - role: apache
  pre_tasks:  任务前执行
    - name: remove apache
      dnf:
       name: httpd
       state: absent
  post_tasks: 任务后执行
    - name: debug
      debug:
        msg: "linux is good"

  tasks:
    - name: debug
      debug:
        msg: "普通任务"

3.ansible-galaxy

*Ansible Galaxy 是一个免费共享和下载 Ansible 角色的网站，可以帮助我们更好的定义和学习roles。
*ansible-galaxy命令默认与https://galaxy.ansible.com网站API通信，可以查找、下载各种社区开发的 Ansible 角色
*ansible-galaxy在 Ansible 1.4.2 就已经被包含了
*在galaxy.ansible.com网站查询roles
 

本地角色的下载

evopes@westoslinux .ansible]$ cd roles/
[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ ls
apache  geerlingguy.nginx
[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ vim install_apache.yml
[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ tar zcf /tmp/apache.tar.gz apache/
[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ ansible-galaxy install -r install_apache.yml
- downloading role from file:///tmp/apache.tar.gz
- extracting westos to /home/Devopes/.ansible/roles/westos
- westos was installed successfully
[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ ls
apache  geerlingguy.nginx  install_apache.yml  westos
[Devopes@westoslinux roles]$ cat install_apache.yml
---
- src: file:///tmp/apache.tar.gz
  name: westos

网络上的下载

 

安装选择角色

install  https://galaxy.ansible.come roles
$ansible-galaxy install geerlinggue.nginx