Java基础反射

反射

反射定义

package com.reflection;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

//什么是反射
public class Test extends Object{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //通过反射获取类的class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.reflection.User");
        System.out.println(c1);

        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.reflection.User");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("com.reflection.User");
        Class c4 = Class.forName("com.reflection.User");

        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());

    }

}

//实体类
class User{
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

class类的创建方式

//测试class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是：" + person.name);

        //方式一：通过对象获得
        Class c1 = person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());

        //方式二：forname获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.reflection.Student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());

        //方法三：通过类名class获得
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());

        //方法四：基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}

那些类型可以有Class对象

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;  //类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;  //接口
        Class c3 = String[].class;  //一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;  //二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class; //注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;  //枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class;  //基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;  //void
        Class c9 = Class.class;  //Class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

        //只要元素类型与维度一样，就是同一个Class
        int [] a = new int[10];
        int [] b = new int[20];
        System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());

    }
}

类加载器

package com.reflection;

public class Test3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {

       //获取系统类加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);

        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);

        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);

        //测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.reflection.Test3").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
        classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);


    }
}

获取类的运行时结构

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

//获得类的信息
public class Test4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.reflection.User");

        //获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());  //获得类名加包名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());  //只能获得类名

        //获得类的属性
        System.out.println("===========================");
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields();  //只能找到publi属性
        /*for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }*/

        fields =  c1.getDeclaredFields();  //找到全部的属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        //获得指定属性的值
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);

        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("=========================");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("正常的" + method);
        }

        System.out.println("=========================");
        methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获得本类的所有方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods" + method);
        }

        //获得指定方法
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        System.out.println(getName);

        Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
        System.out.println(setName);

        //获得构造器
        System.out.println("=========================");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println("#" + constructor);
        }

        //获得指定的构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("指定："+declaredConstructor);
    }
}

Class的使用

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //获得Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.reflection.User");

        //构造一个对象
        User user = (User)c1.newInstance(); //本质是调用了类的无参构造器
        System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器创建对象
        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        Object user02 = constructor.newInstance("秦疆", 001, 18);
        System.out.println(user02);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user03 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);

        //invoke：激活
        //对象，“方法值”
        setName.invoke(user03,"狂神");
        System.out.println(user03.getName());

        //通过反射操作属性
        User user04 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");

        //不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
        name.setAccessible(true); //取消安全检测
        name.set(user04,"kuangshen");
        System.out.println(user04.getName());
    }
}