题目:
Consider a finite state machine that is used to control some type of motor. The FSM has inputs x and y, which come from the motor, and produces outputs f and g, which control the motor. There is also a clock input called clk and a reset input called resetn.
The FSM has to work as follows. As long as the reset input is asserted, the FSM stays in a beginning state, called state A. When the reset signal is de-asserted, then after the next clock edge the FSM has to set the output f to 1 for one clock cycle. Then, the FSM has to monitor the x input. When x has produced the values 1, 0, 1 in three successive clock cycles, then g should be set to 1 on the following clock cycle. While maintaining g = 1 the FSM has to monitor the y input. If y has the value 1 within at most two clock cycles, then the FSM should maintain g = 1 permanently (that is, until reset). But if y does not become 1 within two clock cycles, then the FSM should set g = 0 permanently (until reset).
(The original exam question asked for a state diagram only. But here, implement the FSM.)
AI翻译:
考虑一个用于控制某种类型电机的有限状态机。FSM 的输入 x 和 y 来自电机,并产生输出 f 和 g,用于控制电机。 还有一个称为 clk 的时钟输入和一个名为 resetn 的复位输入。
密克罗尼西亚联邦必须按照以下方式工作。只要复位输入被置位,FSM 就会保持在 起始状态,称为状态 A。当复位信号被取消置位时,则在下一个时钟之后 边沿 FSM 必须将输出 f 设置为 1,以表示一个时钟周期。然后,FSM 必须监控 x 输入。当 x 在三个连续的时钟周期中产生值 1、0、1 时,g 应 在下一个时钟周期设置为 1。在保持 g = 1 的同时,FSM 必须监控 y 输入。如果 y 在最多两个时钟周期内的值为 1,则 FSM 应保持 g = 1 永久(即,直到重置)。但是,如果 y 在两个时钟周期内没有变为 1,则 FSM 应永久设置 g = 0(直到重置)。
(最初的试题只要求提供状态图。但在这里,实施 FSM。
状态转换图:
实现代码如下:
module top_module (
input clk,
input resetn, // active-low synchronous reset
input x,
input y,
output reg f,
output g
);
//状态空间
parameter A = 4'd0 ;
parameter B_0 = 4'd1 ;
parameter B_1 = 4'd2 ;
parameter B_2 = 4'd3 ;
parameter B_3 = 4'd4 ;
parameter Y_0 = 4'd5 ;
parameter Y_1 = 4'd6 ;
parameter Y_00 = 4'd7 ;
parameter Y_01 = 4'd8 ;
parameter Y_none = 4'd9 ;
//状态寄存器
reg [3:0] state ;
reg [3:0] next_state;
reg change_en;//转换使能信号
//采f为高电平的时刻
always@(posedge clk)begin
if(f)
change_en<=1;
end
//状态如何跳转
always @(*) begin
case(state)
A :next_state=B_0;
B_0 :next_state=(change_en&~f)?(x?B_1 :B_0):B_0 ;//保证采到f为高电平后的下一时钟后周期进行对x的判断
B_1 :next_state=x?B_1 :B_2 ;
B_2 :next_state=x?B_3 :B_0 ;
B_3 :next_state=y?Y_1 :Y_0 ;
Y_0 :next_state=y?Y_01:Y_00;
Y_1 :next_state=Y_1 ;
Y_00 :next_state=Y_none ;
Y_01 :next_state=Y_01 ;
Y_none:next_state=Y_none ;
default:;
endcase
end
//状态何时跳转
always @(posedge clk) begin
if(!resetn) begin
f <=0;//初始为低电平
state<=A;
end
else begin
f <=(state==A);//使f高电平只维持一个时钟周期(捕捉边沿理论上可行,复杂一点)
state<=next_state;
end
end
//(最多两个时钟周期)由于数量不多,这里用穷举法更简便,如果超过两个触发器则不合适用穷举法
assign g=(next_state==Y_0)|(next_state==Y_1)|(next_state==Y_01)|(next_state==Y_00);
endmodule