day32(学习playbook-roles+脚本创建数据库和表+mycat读写分离）)

一、

1.roles(角色)介绍

        roles(⻆⾊): 就是通过分别将variables, tasks及handlers等放置于单独 的⽬录中,并可以便捷地调⽤它们的⼀种机制。 
        假设我们要写⼀个playbook来安装管理lamp环境，那么这个 playbook就会写很⻓。所以我们希望把这个很⼤的⽂件分成多个功能 拆分, 分成apache管理,php管理,mysql管理，然后在需要使⽤的时候 直接调⽤就可以了，以免重复写。就类似编程⾥的模块化的概念，以 达到代码复⽤的效果。

2、roles目录介绍

files：⽤来存放由copy模块或script模块调⽤的⽂件。
tasks：⾄少有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各tasks。
handlers:有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各handlers。
templates：⽤来存放jinjia2模板。
vars：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义变量。
meta：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义此⻆⾊的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
 

注意: 在每个⻆⾊的⽬录中分别创建files, tasks,handlers,templates,vars和meta⽬录，⽤不到的⽬ 录可以创建为空⽬录。

3、使用roles安装httpd和mysql

（1）创建roles角色基础目录与文件

[root@1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@1 roles]# mkdir {httpd,mysql}
[root@1 roles]# mkdir {httpd,mysql}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta}
[root@1 roles]# touch {httpd,mysql}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta}/main.yml
[root@1 roles]# tree 
.
├── httpd
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── meta
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── tasks
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── templates
│   └── vars
│       └── main.yml
├── mysql
   ├── files
   ├── handlers
   │   └── main.yml
   ├── meta
   │   └── main.yml
 ├── tasks
   │   └── main.yml
   ├── templates
   └── vars
       └── main.yml
 

（2）创建playbook调用角色

[root@1 roles]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml
---
- hosts: s
 remote_user: root
 roles:
  - httpd
  - mysql 
[root@1 roles]# cd
[root@1 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml 
---
- name: 卸载mysql
 yum: name=mysql state=absent
- name: 安装mysql
 yum: name=mysql state=present
[root@1 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: 卸载httpd
 yum: name=httpd state=absent
- name: 安装httpd
 yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: 启动httpd
  service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
[root@1 ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml 
 

4、练习：使用role来实现lnmp

1、nginx改配置8080
2、mariadb中创建eleme数据库
3、创建表 t_user

（1）使用剧本修改nginx的端口号为80

[root@m0 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml
---
- hosts: s
 remote_user: root
 tasks:
- name: 卸载httpd
   yum: name=httpd   state=absent
  - name: 安装nginx
   yum: name=nginx   state=present
  - name: 修改资源文件
   shell: echo 'i am nginx,port is 80' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
  - name: 修改端口
   command: sed -i '/listen/ s/80/8080/g' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
   notify:
  - restart nginx
  - name: 启动服务
    service: name=nginx   state=started  enabled=yes
 handlers:
  - name: restart nginx
    service: name=nginx   state=restarted
 ...
[root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml
 

（2）安装mariadb，命令行形式创建数据库和表

[root@1 ~]# yum -y remove *mariadb*
[root@1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server.x86_64 
[root@1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-devel.x86_64 
[root@1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@1 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@1 ~]# mysql << EOF
> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
> use eleme;
> create table user(id int primary key auto_increment,username varchar(45) 
not null,password varchar(45) not null,remark varchar(45));
> quit
> EOF
[root@1 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| eleme             |
| mysql             |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> use eleme;
Database changed
MariaDB [eleme]> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_eleme |
+-----------------+
| user           |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（3）使用roles安装mariadb并执行脚本创建数据库和表

[root@1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@1 roles]# cp -r httpd mariadb
[root@1 roles]# cd mariadb/
[root@1 mariadb]# ls
files handlers meta tasks templates vars
[root@1 mariadb]# vim tasks/main.yml 
---
- name: 卸载mariadb
 yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=absent
- name: 安装mariadb
 yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=present
- name: 启动mariadb
  service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes
- name: 执行脚本，创建数据库和数据表
 script: /etc/ansible/script/dbtable.sh
[root@1 mariadb]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@1 ansible]# mkdir script
[root@1 ansible]# cd script/
[root@1 script]# vim dbtable.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql << EOF
create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
use eleme;
create table t_user(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(45) not null,
password varchar(45) not null,
remark varchar(45) 
);
quit
EOF
[root@1 script]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test003.yml
---
- hosts: s
 remote_user: root
 roles:
  - mariadb
[root@1 script]# cd /etc/ansible/playbook/
[root@1 playbook]# ansible-playbook test003.yml 
 

二、

配置⼀主⼆从的mysql服务器 mysql57

1.mysql服务器端⼝3306，不要关闭防⽕墙

# 主从配置
[root@mysql57 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp 
success
[root@mysql57 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
 

success
[root@mysql57 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports 
3306/tcp
96 yum -y install lrzsz
66 tar -zxf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
67  cp -r mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
68  mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
69 useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
70  chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
71  chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
72  rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
# 主配置
73 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
74 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
76  cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57
77  service mysql57 start
79  sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile
80  source /etc/profile
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
activate_all_roles_on_login=on
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4
service mysql57 restart
81 mysql -p'zc0fLfoM%SDP'
 mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)     //修改root密码
 mysql> create user 'slave0'@'%' identified by '123';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)     //创建slave用户
 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave0'@'%';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)     //授予replication slave权限
 mysql> flush privileges;                 //重新加载权限表
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 mysql> flush tables with read lock;       //刷新所有表并施加一个全局读锁
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 mysql> show master status;               //查看主服务器当前二进制日志的状态信息
 +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------
-----+
 | File         | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | 
Executed_Gtid_Set |
 +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------
-----+
 | binlog.000003 |     1178 |             |                 |               
    |
 +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------
-----+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
 rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.0.0.58:/usr/local/mysql/
rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.0.0.59:/usr/local/mysql/
# 从配置
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57
service mysql57 start
sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
activate_all_roles_on_login=on
port=3310
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
service mysql57 restart
mysql -p'123'
mysql> change master to
     -> master_host='10.0.0.57',
     -> master_user='slave0',
     -> master_password='123',
     -> master_port=3306,
     -> master_log_file='binlog.000003',
     -> master_log_pos=1178;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.02 sec)
 mysql> start slave;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
 mysql> show slave status\G
 *************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                   Master_Host: 10.0.0.57
                   Master_User: slave
                   Master_Port: 3306
                 Connect_Retry: 60
               Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1178
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
                 Relay_Log_Pos: 323
         Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 

2.在mysql中添加eleme数据库设置为utf8mb4

[root@mysql57 ~]# mysql -p'123'
mysql> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| eleme             |
| mysql             |
| performance_schema |
| sys               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 

3.添加表t_user

mysql> create table eleme.t_user(
    -> id int not null primary key,
    -> name varchar(32) not null,
    -> username varchar(32) not null,
    -> password varchar(32) not null,
    -> remark varchar(32) not null
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc eleme.t_user;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL   |       |
| name     | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL   |       |
| username | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL   |       |
| password | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL   |       |
| remark   | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL   |       |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
 

4.添加2⾏记录

mysql> insert into eleme.t_user values(1,'超级管理员','admin','admin','超级管理
员'),(2,'普通用户','guest','guest','普通用户');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from eleme.t_user;
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| id | name           | username | password | remark         |
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
|  1 | 超级管理员     | admin   | admin   | 超级管理员     |
|  2 | 普通用户       | guest   | guest   | 普通用户       |
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 

5.使⽤mycat为3台数据库设置负载均衡（读写分离）

[root@mycat ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg             Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-
linux.tar.gz
jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz v
[root@mycat ~]# tar -xf jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz 
[root@mycat ~]# tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-
linux.tar.gz 
[root@mycat ~]# cp -r jdk1.8.0_192/ /usr/local/jdk
[root@mycat ~]# cp -r mycat/ /usr/local/
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/jdk/
bin             lib         src.zip
COPYRIGHT       LICENSE     THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
include         man         THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
javafx-src.zip README.html
jre             release
[root@mycat ~]# sed -i '$aexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk' /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# $JAVA_HOME
-bash: /usr/local/jdk: 是一个目录
[root@mycat ~]# sed -i '$aexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin' /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# $PATH
-bash: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin: 
没有那个文件或目录
[root@mycat ~]# javac -version 
javac 1.8.0_192
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
[root@mycat ~]# ll /usr/local/mycat/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  190 8月  15 15:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 8月  15 15:19 catlet
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 8月  15 15:19 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月  15 15:19 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 8月  15 15:19 logs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  219 8月  15 15:19 version.txt
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat      
[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
       <user name="li" defaultAccount="true">
               <property name="password">li</property>
               <property name="schemas">eleme</property>
               <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
               <!--            
               <privileges check="false">
                       <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
                               <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
                               <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
                       </schema>
               </privileges>           
                 -->
       </user>
<!--
       <user name="user">
               <property name="password">user</property>
               <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
               <property name="readOnly">true</property>
       </user>
-->
[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml

[root@mycat ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@mycat ~]# netstat -lnput | grep 8066
tcp6       0     0 :::8066                 :::*                   LISTEN     
1336/java      

6、配置静态资源服务器，为前段提供图⽚和视频
7、部署2台有java17.0.3环境的后端服务器，端⼝8080，不关防⽕墙 
8、部署nginx代理java服务器，负载均衡策略为轮询问，端⼝为80