前言
最近晚辈尝试做一个.NET简单、高效、避免OOM的Excel工具 MiniExcel。
主要目前主流框架大多将资料全载入到内存方便操作,但这会导致内存消耗问题,MiniExcel 尝试以 Stream 角度写底层算法逻辑,能让原本1000多MB占用降低到几MB,避免内存不够情况。适合像是低规格 azure app service 或是读取大文件等情境。
特点
低内存耗用,避免OOM(out of memoery)、频繁 Full GC 情况
支持
即时
操作每行数据兼具搭配 LINQ 延迟查询特性,能办到低消耗、快速分页等复杂查询 图片:与主流框架对比的消耗、效率差
轻量,不依赖任何套件,DLL小于100KB
简便操作的 Dapper API 风格
性能测试
以 Test1,000,000x10.xlsx 做基准与主流框架做性能测试,总共 1千万笔 "HelloWorld",文件大小 23 MB
Benchmarks 逻辑可以在 MiniExcel.Benchmarks 查看或是提交 PR,运行指令
dotnet run -p .\benchmarks\MiniExcel.Benchmarks\ -c Release -f netcoreapp3.1 -- -f * --join
最后一次运行结果 :
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.12.1, OS=Windows 10.0.19042
Intel Core i7-7700 CPU 3.60GHz (Kaby Lake), 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
[Host] : .NET Framework 4.8 (4.8.4341.0), X64 RyuJIT
Job-ZYYABG : .NET Framework 4.8 (4.8.4341.0), X64 RyuJIT
IterationCount=3 LaunchCount=3 WarmupCount=3
安装
Install-Package MiniExcel -Version 0.10.0
# or
dotnet add package MiniExcel --version 0.10.0
其他请查看 from NuGet
Query 查询 Excel 返回强型别
IEnumerable 数据 [Try it]
推荐使用 Stream.Query 效率会相对较好。
public class UserAccount
{
public Guid ID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public DateTime BoD { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public bool VIP { get; set; }
public decimal Points { get; set; }
}
var rows = MiniExcel.Query<UserAccount>(path);
// or
using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
var rows = stream.Query<UserAccount>();
![0d3a35b727513a8a9a4c619afae1537f.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/efcd4861cc3a6737346188af4e5baad2.png)
Query 查询 Excel 返回Dynamic IEnumerable 数据 [Try it]
Key 系统预设为
A,B,C,D...Z
MiniExcel | 1 |
---|---|
Github | 2 |
var rows = MiniExcel.Query(path).ToList();
// or
using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
{
var rows = stream.Query().ToList();
Assert.Equal("MiniExcel", rows[0].A);
Assert.Equal(1, rows[0].B);
Assert.Equal("Github", rows[1].A);
Assert.Equal(2, rows[1].B);
}
查询数据以第一行数据当Key [Try it]
note : 同名以右边数据为准
Input Excel :
Column1 | Column2 |
---|---|
MiniExcel | 1 |
Github | 2 |
var rows = MiniExcel.Query(useHeaderRow:true).ToList();
// or
using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
{
var rows = stream.Query(useHeaderRow:true).ToList();
Assert.Equal("MiniExcel", rows[0].Column1);
Assert.Equal(1, rows[0].Column2);
Assert.Equal("Github", rows[1].Column1);
Assert.Equal(2, rows[1].Column2);
}
Query 查询支援延迟加载(Deferred Execution),能配合LINQ First/Take/Skip办到低消耗、高效率复杂查询
Query First
var row = MiniExcel.Query(path).First();
Assert.Equal("HelloWorld", row.A);
// or
using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
{
var row = stream.Query().First();
Assert.Equal("HelloWorld", row.A);
}
建立 Excel 文件 [Try it]
必须是 non-abstract 类别有 public parameterless constructor
MiniExcel SaveAs 支援
IEnumerable参数``延迟查询
,除非必要请不要使用 ToList 等方法读取全部数据到内存
图片 : 是否呼叫 ToList 的内存差别
Anonymous or strongly type:
var path = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.xlsx");
MiniExcel.SaveAs(path, new[] {
new { Column1 = "MiniExcel", Column2 = 1 },
new { Column1 = "Github", Column2 = 2}
});
Datatable:
var path = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.xlsx");
var table = new DataTable();
{
table.Columns.Add("Column1", typeof(string));
table.Columns.Add("Column2", typeof(decimal));
table.Rows.Add("MiniExcel", 1);
table.Rows.Add("Github", 2);
}
MiniExcel.SaveAs(path, table);
Dapper:
using (var connection = GetConnection(connectionString))
{
var rows = connection.Query(@"select 'MiniExcel' as Column1,1 as Column2 union all select 'Github',2");
MiniExcel.SaveAs(path, rows);
}
IEnumerable<IDictionary<string, object>>
var values = new List<Dictionary<string, object>>()
{
new Dictionary<string,object>{{ "Column1", "MiniExcel" }, { "Column2", 1 } },
new Dictionary<string,object>{{ "Column1", "Github" }, { "Column2", 2 } }
};
MiniExcel.SaveAs(path, values);
output :
Column1 | Column2 |
---|---|
MiniExcel | 1 |
Github | 2 |
SaveAs 支援 Stream [Try it]
using (var stream = File.Create(path))
{
stream.SaveAs(values);
}
Excel Column Name/Ignore Attribute
e.g
input excel :
public class ExcelAttributeDemo
{
[ExcelColumnName("Column1")]
public string Test1 { get; set; }
[ExcelColumnName("Column2")]
public string Test2 { get; set; }
[ExcelIgnore]
public string Test3 { get; set; }
public string Test4 { get; set; }
public string Test5 { get; }
public string Test6 { get; private set; }
}
var rows = MiniExcel.Query<ExcelAttributeDemo>(path).ToList();
Assert.Equal("Column1", rows[0].Test1);
Assert.Equal("Column2", rows[0].Test2);
Assert.Null(rows[0].Test3);
Assert.Equal("Test4", rows[0].Test4);
Assert.Null(rows[0].Test5);
Assert.Null(rows[0].Test6);
例子 : SQLite & Dapper 读取大数据新增到数据库
note : 请不要呼叫 call ToList/ToArray 等方法,这会将所有数据读到内存内
using (var connection = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString))
{
connection.Open();
using (var transaction = connection.BeginTransaction())
using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
{
var rows = stream.Query();
foreach (var row in rows)
connection.Execute("insert into T (A,B) values (@A,@B)", new { row.A, row.B }, transaction: transaction);
transaction.Commit();
}
}
效能:
例子 : ASP.NET Core 3.1 or MVC 5 下载 Excel Xlsx API Demo
public class ExcelController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Download()
{
var values = new[] {
new { Column1 = "MiniExcel", Column2 = 1 },
new { Column1 = "Github", Column2 = 2}
};
var stream = new MemoryStream();
stream.SaveAs(values);
return File(stream,
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
"demo.xlsx");
}
}
Excel 类别自动判断
MiniExcel 预设会根据扩展名或是 Stream 类别判断是 xlsx 还是 csv,但会有失准时候,请自行指定。
stream.SaveAs(excelType:ExcelType.CSV);
//or
stream.SaveAs(excelType:ExcelType.XLSX);
//or
stream.Query(excelType:ExcelType.CSV);
//or
stream.Query(excelType:ExcelType.XLSX);
Dynamic Query 转换 IDictionary<string,object> 数据
foreach(IDictionary<string,object> row = MiniExcel.Query(path))
{
//..
}
Github : https://github.com/shps951023/MiniExcel
转自:暐翰
链接:cnblogs.com/ITWeiHan/p/14612821.html
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