OpenCV c++ 矩的计算

1 几何矩和中心距

矩：描述图像特征的算子，广泛应用于图像检索和识别，图像匹配，图像重建，图像压缩以及运动图像序列分析等领域。

几何矩 ：

I(x,y)是像素(x,y)处的像素值。i、j同时为0时，称为零阶矩，零阶矩可用于计算某个形状的质心。i、j分别取0和1时，称为一阶矩，以此类推。

图像质心：

中心距：

归一化中心距：

moments(contours[t], true)

输入：图像或者二维坐标集合

输出：Moments类型的变量，含有几何矩、中心距、归一化中心距的数值属性

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<quickopencv.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include<vector>


using namespace cv;
using namespace std;




int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	//QuickDemo qd;
	//qd.myFilter_demo(src);
	system("color F0");
	Mat img = imread("D:/images/hand.jpg");
	imshow("img", img);
	resize(img, img, Size(img.cols / 3, img.rows / 3), 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR);
	if (img.empty()) {
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	Mat gary, binary;
	cvtColor(img, gary, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	//GaussianBlur(gary, gary, Size(9, 9), 2, 2);
	threshold(gary, binary, 105, 255, THRESH_BINARY);	

	//开运算消除细小区域
	Mat k = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1));
	morphologyEx(binary, binary, MORPH_OPEN, k);
	imshow("binary", binary);

	//轮廓发现与绘制
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;		//轮廓
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;		//存放轮廓结构变量
	findContours(binary, contours, hierarchy, 0, 2, Point());
	for (int t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		Moments M;
		M = moments(contours[t], true);
		cout << "spatial moment:" << endl
			<< " m00:" << M.m00 << " m01:" << M.m01 << " m10:" << M.m10 << endl
			<< " m11:" << M.m11 <<  " m02:" << M.m02 << " m20 : " << M.m20 << endl
			<< " m12:" << M.m12 << " m21:" << M.m21 << " m03:" << M.m03 << " m30:" << M.m30 << endl;
		cout << "central moment:" << endl
			<< " mu20:" << M.mu20 << " mu02:" << M.mu02 << " mu11:" << M.mu11 << endl
			<< " mu30:" << M.mu30 << " mu21:" << M.mu21 << " mu12:" << M.mu12 << " mu03:" << M.mu03 << endl;
		cout << "central normalized moment:" << endl
			<< " nu20:" << M.nu20 << " nu02:" << M.nu02 << " nu11:" << M.nu11 << endl
			<< " nu30:" << M.nu30 << " nu21:" << M.nu21 << " nu12:" << M.nu12 << " nu03:" << M.nu03 << endl;

	}
	
	//waitKey(0);
	//destroyAllWindows();
	return 0;
}

2 Hu矩

特点：具有旋转、平移、缩放不变性，应用更广

Hu矩是由二阶、三阶中心距计算得到的7个不变矩

HuMoments(M, hu)

        输入：Moments类型的图像矩

        输出：长度为7的double类型的数组或者Mat类型  的不变矩

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<quickopencv.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include<vector>


using namespace cv;
using namespace std;




int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	//QuickDemo qd;
	//qd.myFilter_demo(src);
	system("color F0");
	Mat img = imread("D:/images/hand.jpg");
	imshow("img", img);
	resize(img, img, Size(img.cols / 3, img.rows / 3), 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR);
	if (img.empty()) {
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	Mat gary, binary;
	cvtColor(img, gary, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	//GaussianBlur(gary, gary, Size(9, 9), 2, 2);
	threshold(gary, binary, 105, 255, THRESH_BINARY);	

	//开运算消除细小区域
	Mat k = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1));
	morphologyEx(binary, binary, MORPH_OPEN, k);
	imshow("binary", binary);

	//轮廓发现与绘制
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;		//轮廓
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;		//存放轮廓结构变量
	findContours(binary, contours, hierarchy, 0, 2, Point());
	for (int t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		Moments M;
		M = moments(contours[t], true);
		Mat hu;
		HuMoments(M, hu);
		cout << hu << endl;

	}
	
	//waitKey(0);
	//destroyAllWindows();
	return 0;
}

3 基于Hu矩的轮廓匹配 

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<quickopencv.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include<vector>


using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


void findcontours(Mat& img, vector<vector<Point>>& contours) {
	Mat gary, binary;
	cvtColor(img, gary, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	//GaussianBlur(gary, gary, Size(9, 9), 2, 2);
	threshold(gary, binary, 105, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;		//存放轮廓结构变量
	findContours(binary, contours, hierarchy, 0, 2);
}



int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	//QuickDemo qd;
	//qd.myFilter_demo(src);
	//system("color F0");
	Mat img = imread("D:/images/ABC.png");
	Mat img_B = imread("D:/images/B.png");
	//resize(img, img, Size(img.cols / 3, img.rows / 3), 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR);
	if (img.empty()|| img_B.empty()) {
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	imwrite("B.png", img_B);
	imshow("B", img_B);

	//轮廓提取
	vector<vector<Point>> contours1;
	vector<vector<Point>> contours2;
	findcontours(img, contours1);
	findcontours(img_B, contours2);
	//Hu矩计算
	Moments mm2 = moments(contours2[0]);
	Mat hu2;
	HuMoments(mm2, hu2);
	//轮廓匹配
	for (int t = 0; t < contours1.size(); t++) {
		Moments mm;
		mm = moments(contours1[t]);
		Mat hum;
		HuMoments(mm, hum);
		//Hu矩匹配
		double dist;
		dist = matchShapes(hum, hu2, CONTOURS_MATCH_I1, 0);
		if (dist < 1) {
			drawContours(img, contours1, t, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3, 8);
		}

	}
	imshow("result", img);

	
	waitKey(0);
	//destroyAllWindows();
	return 0;
}