配置要求:
1.除R5的换回地址固定以外,整个其他所有的网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理的IP地址划分
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,用于模拟连接PC的网段;地址也在192.168.1.0/2
4这个网络范围内 3.R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问
4.全网可达,经量减少每台路由器,路由表条目的数量,避免环路出现
5.R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M
拓扑结构:
实验分析:
1、除R5的环回地址以固定外,整个其他所有的网段基于192. 168.1. 0/24进行合理的IP地址划分
2 、R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,用于模拟连接PC的网段;地址也在192.168.1.0/24这个网络范围内
解决方法:需划分10个子网(4个路由器他们每个的两个回环的广播域汇总成一个大的广播域占10个中的4个,6条线各占一个)
192.168.1.0000 0000 24-------10大于2的3次方小于2的4次方,所以网络位向主机位借4位划分成16个子网选取10个用
分别为:
(1)192.168.1.0000 0000-----192.168.1.0/28到192.168.1.15/28
(2)192.168.1.0001 0000-----192.168.1.16/28到-192.168.1.31/28
(3)192.168.1.0010 0000-----192.168.1.32/28到192.168.1.47/28
(4)192.168.1.0011 0000-----192.168.1.48/28到192.168.1.63/28
(5)192.168.1.0100 0000-----192.168.1.64/28到192.168.1.79/28
(6)192.168.1.0101 0000-----192.168.1.80/28到192.168.1.95/28
(7)192.168.1.0110 0000-----192.168.1.96/28到192.168.1.111/28
(8)192.168.1.0111 0000-----192.168.1.112/28到192.168.1.127/28
(9)192.168.1.1000 0000------192.168.1.128/28到192.168.1.143/28
(10)192.168.1.10010000-----192.168.1.144/28到 192.168.1.159/28
(11)192.168.1.1010 0000-----192.168.1.160/28到192.168.1.175/28
(12)192.168.1.1011 0000----192.168.1.176/28到192.168.1.191/28
(13)192.168.1.1100 0000-----192.168.1.192/28到192.168.1.207/28
(14)192.168.1.1101 0000-----192.168.1.208/28到192.168.1.223/28
(15)192.168.1.1110 0000-----192.168.1.224/28到192.168.1.239/28
(16)192.168.1.1111 0000-----192.168.1.240/28到192.168.1.255/28
3 、R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问,全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器,路由表条目的数量;避免环路出现
通过缺省由路和汇总来实现R1至R4的广播到达5.5.5.0/24,R1至R4路由器的两个环回接口分别使用一个子网来再划分出两个子网,在配置静态由路时通过汇总来减少路由表条路。
4 、R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M
通过浮动静态来实现
【注】:写各个路由器回环接口及接口ip,配置静态由路及到5.5.5.0/24的缺省由路,配置R4与R5连线的优先级,写空接口来解决多余ip(5.5.5.0/24广播域到其他网段只写一条汇总的静态由路)形成的黑洞与缺省由路导致的闭环。
路由配置:
R1:
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.1 29
[r1-LoopBack1]display this
interface LoopBack1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.248
[r1-LoopBack1]quit
[r1]interface LoopBack 2
[r1-LoopBack2]ip address 192.168.1.9 29
[r1-LoopBack2]display this
interface LoopBack2
ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.248
[r1-LoopBack2]quit
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 28
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.18
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 28 192.168.1.34[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.80 28 192.168.1.18
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 28 192.168.1.34
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.18
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.34
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.18
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.34
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.18
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.34
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.34
R2:
[r2]interface LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 29
[r2-LoopBack1]display this
interface LoopBack1
ip address 192.168.1.49 255.255.255.248
[r2-LoopBack1]quit
[r2]interface LoopBack 2
[r2-LoopBack2]ip address 192.168.1.57 29
[r2-LoopBack2]display this
interface LoopBack2
ip address 192.168.1.57 255.255.255.248
[r2-LoopBack2]quit
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 28
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 28 192.168.1.17
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.82
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.82
R3:
[r3]interface LoopBack 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.65 29
[r3-LoopBack1]display this
interface LoopBack1
ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.248
[r3-LoopBack1]quit
[r3]interface LoopBack 2
[r3-LoopBack2]ip address 192.168.1.73 29
[r3-LoopBack2]display this
interface LoopBack2
ip address 192.168.1.73 255.255.255.248
[r3-LoopBack2]quit
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.34 28
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.33
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.98
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 28 192.168.1.33
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.98
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.98
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 28 192.168.1.33
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.98
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.98
R4:
[r4]interface LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 29
[r4-LoopBack1]display this
interface LoopBack1
ip address 192.168.1.113 255.255.255.248
[r4-LoopBack1]quit
[r4]interface LoopBack 2
[r4-LoopBack2]ip address 192.168.1.121 29
[r4-LoopBack2]display this
interface LoopBack2
ip address 192.168.1.121 255.255.255.248
[r4-LoopBack2]quit
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.82 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.98 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 28 192.168.1.97
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.97
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.81
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 28 192.168.1.81
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 28 192.168.1.81
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 28 192.168.1.97
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.146 preference 61
R5:
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.146 28
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.130 28
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r5-LoopBack1]ip address 5.5.5.1 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.129
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.145
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.145 preference 61
利用空接口来解决黑洞问题配置:
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.224 28 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.240 28 NULL 0
实验验证: