重发布实验

一、拓扑图

二、需求

1.如图搭建网络拓扑,所有路由器各自创建一个环回接口,合理规划IP地址
2.R1-R2-R3-R4-R6之间使用OSPF协议,R4-R5-R6之间使用RIP协议
3.R1环回重发布方式引入OSPF网络
4.R4/R6上进行双点双向重发布
5.分析网络中出现路由环路的原因
6.路由优化

三、配置过程

1.创建环回接口,IP地址配置

 

 

 2.R1-R2-R3-R4-R6之间使用OSPF协议,R4-R5-R6之间使用RIP协议

OSPF区域:(R4环回通告在ospf中,R6环回通告在RIP中)

[r1]display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 6        Routes : 6        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 6        Routes : 6

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   2           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   3           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       36.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

<r2>display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 5        Routes : 5        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 5        Routes : 5

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   1           D   12.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   1           D   23.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       34.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       36.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
<r3>display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 4        Routes : 4        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 4        Routes : 4

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       12.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
[r4]display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 6        Routes : 6        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 6        Routes : 6

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   3           D   34.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   2           D   34.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   1           D   34.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   34.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   34.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       36.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   34.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
<r6>display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 7        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 7

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   3           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   2           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   1           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   2           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       12.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       23.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       34.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   36.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

RIP区域:

[r4]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 3        Routes : 3        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 3        Routes : 3

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        5.5.5.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        6.6.6.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   45.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       56.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
[r5]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        6.6.6.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
[r6]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 2        Routes : 2        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 2        Routes : 2

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        5.5.5.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

3.R1环回重发布方式引入OSPF网络

[r1]route-policy 111 per	
[r1]route-policy 111 permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r1-route-policy]if	
[r1-route-policy]if-match in	
[r1-route-policy]if-match interface l	
[r1-route-policy]if-match interface LoopBack 0
[r1-route-policy]ospf 100
[r1-ospf-100]im	
[r1-ospf-100]import-route dir	
[r1-ospf-100]import-route direct ro	
[r1-ospf-100]import-route direct route-policy 111

4.R4/R6上进行双点双向重发布

[r4-ospf-100]import-route rip 100
[r4-ospf-100]q
[r4]rip 100
[r4-rip-100]im	
[r4-rip-100]import-route ospf 100

[r6]ospf 100
[r6-ospf-100]i	
[r6-ospf-100]import-route rip 100
[r6-ospf-100]q
[r6]rip 100
[r6-rip-100]im	
[r6-rip-100]import-route ospf 100

5.分析网络中出现路由环路的原因

上面所有的做完之后,发现R3上的路由表里出现了环路

 出现环路的原因:当R6双向重发布后,查看R3学习到的路由表上的R1环回路由,发生如图变化,说明已有环路(R1环回在R3、R4、R5、R6之间形成环路)

由于R1的环回1.1.1.1使用的是重发布,而OSPF默认为类型2,这类LSA种子度量值默认都是1,由于R4或者R6重发布进入RIP的路由再次进入OSPF,而OSPF重发布默认类型为2,也就是不计算沿途累加度量值,根据OSPF选路规则:优选种子度量值小的;如果种子度量值相同,则比较开销值,首选开销值小的。而R3在学习路由时,按照沿途累加,从R6方向学到1.1.1.1沿途累加比R1方向小,路由开始出现环路。

解决办法:修改环回网络类型为1:(Type 1>Type 2)

[r1-ospf-100]import-route direct type 1

 此时,R3路由表正常


6.路由优化

<r3>display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 14       

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 14

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  3           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        5.5.5.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
        6.6.6.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       12.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       56.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
<r5>display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 18       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 18

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.2/32  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        3.3.3.3/32  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        6.6.6.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       12.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       23.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       34.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       36.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

查看R3、R5的路由表,发现有些去往RIP区域的路由的负载均衡现象是正确的,有些却不是最佳路径。

解决方法:使用前缀列表进行路由的抓取,并改变其开销值最后调用。

在R4上将R6环回和56.1.1.0的cost改大
在R6上将R4环回和45.1.1.0的cost改大

[r4]ip ip-prefix aa permit 56.1.1.0 24
[r4]ip ip-prefix aa permit 6.6.6.0 24
[r4]route-policy r4 permit node 11
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[r4-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r4]route-policy r4 permit node 15
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4]ospf 100
[r4-ospf-100]import-route rip 100 route-policy r4
 
[r6]ip ip-prefix aa permit 4.4.4.0 24
[r6]ip ip-prefix aa permit 45.1.1.0 24
[r6]route-policy r6 permit node 11
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[r6-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r6]route-policy r6 permit node 15
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6]ospf 100
[r6-ospf-100]import-route rip route-policy r6

在R4上将36.1.1.0的cost改大
在R6上将34.1.1.0的cost改大 

 [r4]ip ip-prefix aaa permit 36.1.1.0 24
[r4]route-policy 44 permit node 11
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aaa
[r4-route-policy]app    
[r4-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]rip 100
[r4-rip-100]im    
[r4-rip-100]import-route ospf ro    
[r4-rip-100]import-route ospf route-policy 44
[r4-rip-100]q
[r4]rou    
[r4]route-    
[r4]route-policy 44 per    
[r4]route-policy 44 permit node    
[r4]route-policy 44 permit node 15
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]rip 100
[r4-rip-100]im    
[r4-rip-100]import-route ospf 100 ro    
[r4-rip-100]import-route ospf 100 route-policy 44

[r6]ip ip-prefix aaa permit 34.1.1.0 24
[r6]route-policy 66 permit node 11
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aaa
[r6-route-policy]app    
[r6-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r6-route-policy]route-policy 66 permit node 15
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6-route-policy]q
[r6]rip 100
[r6-rip-100]import-route ospf route-policy 66

修改完开销值后查看R3和R5路由表,均为最佳选路

<r3>display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 12       

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 12

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  3           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        5.5.5.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
        6.6.6.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       12.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   23.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   34.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       56.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   36.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
<r5>display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 17       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 17

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.2/32  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        3.3.3.3/32  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        6.6.6.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       12.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       23.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       34.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       36.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   56.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

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