关于使用DRF的视图的示例

目录

1.使用APIview实现增删改查

models.py

views.py

serializers.py

urls.py

2.使用GenericAPIView实现增删改查

views.py

3.使用GenericAPIView以及五个拓展类实现增删改查

views.py

4.使用视图子类实现增删改查（9个）

views.py

urls.py

5.自动生成路由

方式一

方式二

路由

重写ModelViewSet中的方法

views.py

urls.py

拓展ModelViewSet中的方法

---

1.使用APIview实现增删改查

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Customer(models.Model):
    """
    客户表
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='姓名', max_length=32)
    age = models.CharField(verbose_name='年龄', max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', max_length=32)
    company = models.CharField(verbose_name='公司', max_length=32)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Customer'
        verbose_name = "客户"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Payment(models.Model):
    """
    付费记录
    """
    customer = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='关联客户',on_delete=models.CASCADE, to='Customer')
    money = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='付费金额')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='付费时间', auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Payment'
        verbose_name = "收入"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        self.money

views.py

from . import models,serializers
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class CustomerView(APIView):
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        '''
        创建客户
        '''
        ser = serializers.CustomerSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            #校验通过后保存为序列化格式
            instance_data = ser.save()
            resurt = serializers.CustomerSerializer(instance=instance_data)
            return Response({"data":resurt.data},200)
        else:
            return Response({"data":ser.errors},300)
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        """
        获取所有的到客户信息
        """
        customers = models.Customer.objects.all()
        ser = serializers.CustomerSerializer(instance=customers,many=True)
        return Response({"data":ser.data},200)

class CustomerDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs,):
        """
        获取到单一客户信息
        """
        customer = models.Customer.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get("pk")).first()
        ser = serializers.CustomerSerializer(customer)
        return Response({"data":ser.data},200)
    def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        '''
        修改单一客户信息
        '''
        customer = models.Customer.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get("pk")).first()
        ser = serializers.CustomerSerializer(data=request.data,instance=customer)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({"data":ser.data},200)
        else:
            return Response({"data":ser.erros},300)
    def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        '''
        删除某一客户
        '''
        models.Customer.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get("pk")).first().delete()
        return Response({"data:":"删除成功"},200)

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Customer,Payment
class CustomerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Customer
        fields = "__all__"
        

urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('customer/',views.CustomerView.as_view()),
    path(r'customer/<int:pk>/', views.CustomerDetailView.as_view()),
]

2.使用GenericAPIView实现增删改查

在1的基础上只更改了views视图,简化了增删改查的代码

views.py

from . import models,serializers
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class CustomerView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            #校验通过后保存为序列化格式
            ser.save()
            resurt = serializers.CustomerSerializer(ser.data)
            return Response({"data":resurt.data},200)
        else:
            return Response({"data":ser.errors},300)
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        customers = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(customers,many=True)
        return Response({"data":ser.data},200)

class CustomerDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs,):

        customer = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(customer)
        return Response({"data":ser.data},200)
    def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        customer = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(customer,data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({"data":ser.data},200)
        else:
            return Response({"data":ser.erros},300)
    def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        customer = self.get_object()
        customer.delete()
        return Response({"data:":"删除成功"},200)

3.使用GenericAPIView以及五个拓展类实现增删改查

在2或者1的基础上只是更改了views.py

views.py

from . import models,serializers
# Create your views here.
# 导入rest_framework的五个视图拓展类，分别是增，查，删，改，查一个
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class CustomerView(GenericAPIView,CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)

class CustomerDetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
    def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)
    def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)

4.使用视图子类实现增删改查（9个）

在3，2或者1的基础上只是更改了views.py

from . import models,serializers
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView
class CustomerView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer

class CustomerDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer

5使用viewsets视图集实现增删改查

views.py

from . import models,serializers
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
# 5个接口
class CustomerView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer

urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('customer/',views.CustomerView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
    path(r'customer/<int:pk>/', views.CustomerView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update'})),
]

###########################################

5.自动生成路由

（必须是继承ViewSetMixin以及子类才能生成路由）

方式一

from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('customer',views.CustomerView)
urlpatterns = [
]
urlpatterns+=router.urls

方式二

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from . import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('customer',views.CustomerView)
urlpatterns = [
    path('',include(router.urls))
]

路由

重写ModelViewSet中的方法

如果觉得每一个都定义格式麻烦可以自己重写MOdeViewSet函数

views.py

from rest_framework.response import Response

from . import models,serializers
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
# 5个接口
class CustomerView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer

    # 重写list方法，使其返回的数据是我们理想的数据返回格式
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = super().list(request,*args,**kwargs)
        res = {"data":response.data,"msg":"查询成功","code":100}
        return Response(res)

urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('customer/',views.CustomerView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
    path(r'customer/<int:pk>/', views.CustomerView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update'})),
]

拓展ModelViewSet中的方法

from rest_framework.response import Response

from . import models,serializers
from rest_framework.decorators import action
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
# 5个接口
class CustomerView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Customer.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CustomerSerializer

    # 重写list方法，使其返回的数据是我们理想的数据返回格式
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = super().list(request,*args,**kwargs)
        res = {"data":response.data,"msg":"查询成功","code":100}
        return Response(res)
    # 自己拓展的方法,需要自己使用一个装饰器
    @action(methods=['GET'],detail=False,url_name="login")
    def login(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response("登录成功")

如果derail=True

生成的路由是

coustomer/2/login