int snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char * restrict format, ...);
函数说明:最多从源串中拷贝n-1个字符到目标串中,然后再在后面加一个0。所以如果目标串的大小为n 的话,将不会溢出。
函数返回值:若成功则返回欲写入的字符串长度,若出错则返回负值。
Result1(推荐的用法)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char str[10]={0,};
snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "0123456789012345678");
printf("str=%s/n", str);
return 0;
}
root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
str=012345678
Result2:(不推荐使用)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char str[10]={0, };
snprintf(str, 18, "0123456789012345678");
printf("str=%s/n", str);
return 0;
}
root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
str=01234567890123456
snprintf函数返回值的测试:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char str1[10] ={0, };
char str2[10] ={0, };
int ret1=0,ret2=0;
ret1=snprintf(str1, sizeof(str1), "%s", "abc");
ret2=snprintf(str2, 4, "%s", "aaabbbccc");
printf("aaabbbccc length=%d/n", strlen("aaabbbccc"));
printf("str1=%s,ret1=%d/n", str1, ret1);
printf("str2=%s,ret2=%d/n", str2, ret2);
return 0;
}
[root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
aaabbbccc length=9
str1=abc,ret1=3
str2=aaa,ret2=9
解释SIZE:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char dst1[10] ={0, },dst2[10] ={0, };
char src1[10] ="aaa",src2[15] ="aaabbbcccddd";
int size=sizeof(dst1);
int ret1=0, ret2=0;
ret1=snprintf(dst1, size, "str :%s", src1);
ret2=snprintf(dst2, size, "str :%s", src2);
printf("sizeof(dst1)=%d, src1=%s, /"str :%%s/"=%s%s, dst1=%s, ret1=%d/n", sizeof(dst1), src1, "str :", src1, dst1, ret1);
printf("sizeof(dst2)=%d, src2=%s, /"str :%%s/"=%s%s, dst2=%s, ret2=%d/n", sizeof(dst2), src2, "str :", src2, dst2, ret2);
return 0;
}
root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
sizeof(dst1)=10, src1=aaa, "str :%s"=str :aaa, dst1=str :aaa, ret1=8
sizeof(dst2)=10, src2=aaabbbcccddd, "str :%s"=str :aaabbbcccddd, dst2=str :aaab, ret2=17
补充一下,snprintf的返回值是欲写入的字符串长度,而不是实际写入的字符串度。如:
char test[8];
int ret = snprintf(test,5,"1234567890");
printf("%d|%s/n",ret,test);
运行结果为:
10|1234
最常见的错误用法有:
1.
char sa[256]={0};
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa),"%s",sb);
//错误原因:当sb的长度>=256的时候,sa将没有'\0'结尾
2.
char sa[256];
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa)-1,"%s",sb);
//错误原因:当sb的长度>=255的时候,sa将没有'\0'结尾,忘记给sa初始化
3.
char sa[256];
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa)-1,"%s",sb);
sa[sizeof(sa)]=0;
//错误原因:最后一行数组越界
正确的用法
1. //推荐用法
char sa[256];
sa[sizeof(sa)-1]=0;
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa),"%s",sb);
if(sa[sizeof(sa)-1]!=0)
{
printf("warning:string will be truncated");
sa[sizeof(sa)-1]=0;
}
2.
char sa[256]={0};
int result = _snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa),"%s",sb);
if(result==sizeof(sa) || result<0)
{
printf("warning:sting will be truncated");
sa[sizeof(sa)-1]=0;
}