Ceph块设备(RBD)常用命令

创建块设备映像

?

1	rbd create --size {megabytes} {pool-name}/{image-name}

实例：

?

1	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd create --size 1024 foo

罗列块设备映像

?

1	rbd ls {poolname}

实例：

?

1 2	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd ls # rbd list foo

检索映像信息

?

1	rbd info {pool-name}/{image-name}

实例：

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd info foo rbd image 'foo':     size 1024 MB in 256 objects     order 22 (4096 kB objects)     block_name_prefix: rbd_data.d3a4238e1f29     format: 2     features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten     flags:

调整块设备映像大小

?

1 2	rbd resize --size 2048 foo (to increase) rbd resize --size 2048 foo --allow-shrink (to decrease)

实例：

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd resize --size 2048 foo Resizing image: 100% complete...done. [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd info foo rbd image 'foo':     size 2048 MB in 512 objects     order 22 (4096 kB objects)     block_name_prefix: rbd_data.d3a4238e1f29     format: 2     features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten     flags:

删除块设备映像

?

1	rbd rm {pool-name}/{image-name}

实例：

?

1 2	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd rm foo Removing image: 100% complete...done.

映射块设备

?

1	sudo rbd map {pool-name}/{image-name} --id {user-name}

实例：

?

1 2	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rbd map rbd/foo /dev/rbd0

查看已映射块设备

?

1	rbd showmapped

实例：

?

1 2 3

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd showmapped id pool image snap device    0  rbd  foo   -    /dev/rbd0

取消块设备映射

?

1	sudo rbd unmap /dev/rbd/{poolname}/{imagename}

实例：

?

1	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rbd unmap /dev/rbd0

使用Ceph块设备

创建并挂载一个文件系统：

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/rbd0 meta-data=/dev/rbd0              isize=512    agcount=9, agsize=64512 blks          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1          =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0 data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25          =                       sunit=1024   swidth=1024 blks naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0 [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo mkdir /mnt/ceph-disk0 [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo mount /dev/rbd0 /mnt/ceph-disk0 [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ df -h /mnt/ceph-disk0 Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/rbd0                  2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /mnt/ceph-disk0

通过将数据写入块设备来进行检测：

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/ceph-disk0/file0 count=100 bs=1M 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.779733 s, 134 MB/s [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo ls /mnt/ceph-disk0/file0 -lh -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100M Jul 19 15:33 /mnt/ceph-disk0/file0 [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ df -h /mnt/ceph-disk0 Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/rbd0                  2.0G  133M  1.9G   7% /mnt/ceph-disk0

增加块设备映像大小后，扩展文件系统来利用增加了的存储空间

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo dmesg | grep -i capacity [17945.781304] rbd: rbd0: capacity 2147483648 features 0x1 [21955.926051] rbd0: detected capacity change from 2147483648 to 4294967296 [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo xfs_growfs -d /mnt/ceph-disk0/ meta-data=/dev/rbd0              isize=512    agcount=9, agsize=64512 blks          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1          =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0 data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25          =                       sunit=1024   swidth=1024 blks naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 524288 to 1048576 [ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ df -h /mnt/ceph-disk0 Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/rbd0                  4.0G  133M  3.9G   4% /mnt/ceph-disk0

可能遇到的错误：

?

1 2 3 4 5

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rbd map rbd/foo rbd: sysfs write failed RBD image feature set mismatch. You can disable features unsupported by the kernel with "rbd feature disable". In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try "dmesg | tail" or so. rbd: map failed: (6) No such device or address

原因：

rbd镜像的一些特性，OS kernel并不支持，所以映射失败。

查看该镜像支持了哪些特性：

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd info foo rbd image 'foo':     size 2048 MB in 512 objects     order 22 (4096 kB objects)     block_name_prefix: rbd_data.d3a4238e1f29     format: 2     features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten     flags:

可以看到特性feature一栏，由于OS的kernel只支持layering，其他都不支持，所以需要把部分不支持的特性disable掉。

解决方案一：

直接diable这个rbd镜像的不支持的特性：

?

1	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd feature disable foo exclusive-lock object-map fast-diff deep-flatten

解决方案二：

创建rbd镜像时就指明需要的特性，如：

?

1	[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd create --size 2048 foo --image-feature layering

解决方案三：

如果还想一劳永逸，那么就在执行创建rbd镜像命令的服务器中，修改Ceph配置文件/etc/ceph/ceph.conf，在global section下，增加
rbd_default_features = 1，再创建rdb镜像：

?

1	<code><code><code>[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd create --size 2048 foo</code></code></code>

通过上述三种方法后，查看rbd镜像的信息

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

<code><code><code>[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ rbd info foo rbd image 'foo':     size 2048 MB in 512 objects     order 22 (4096 kB objects)     block_name_prefix: rbd_data.d3a4238e1f29     format: 2     features: layering     flags: </code></code></code>

再次尝试映射rdb镜像到本地块设备，成功！

?

1 2	<code><code><code>[ceph-deploy@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rbd map rbd/foo /dev/rbd0</code></code></code>