Excel does not provide an interface for outside components to detect "Edit mode" (e.g. when a cell is accepting input), though in Excel itself it can do it. In addition, when Excel is in "Edit Mode", macro will not run. Therefore, if such interface is not provided, it is not possible for an addin to detect "Edit mode".
from http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/isvvba/thread/3333e18b-cef3-4d78-b47a-6916a1b2d84c
two projects on code project
1. Determining if Excel is in Edit mode with Win32 Interop
This project subclass the editor window in Excel, and detect the window style to check edit mode, which is quick and exact.
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/office/ExcelInEditMode.aspx
2. Determining if Excel is in Edit mode
This project tells one way how to detect edit mode in Excel.
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/office/Excel_Edit_Mode.aspx