通俗地说,反射机制就是可以把一个类,类的成员(函数,属性),当成一个对象来操作,希望读者能理解,也就是说,类,类的成员,我们在运行的时候还可以动态地去操作他们.
理论的东东太多也没用,下面我们看看实践 Demo ~
Demo:
- package cn.lee.demo;
- import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
- import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
- public class Main {
- /**
- * 为了看清楚Java反射部分代码,所有异常我都最后抛出来给虚拟机处理!
- * @param args
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- * @throws InstantiationException
- * @throws IllegalAccessException
- * @throws InvocationTargetException
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException
- * @throws NoSuchFieldException
- * @throws SecurityException
- * @throws NoSuchMethodException
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- //Demo1. 通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名
- Demo1();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo2. 验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象
- Demo2();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo3. 通过Java反射机制,用Class 创建类对象[这也就是反射存在的意义所在],无参构造
- Demo3();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo4: 通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数,并实现构造带参实例对象
- Demo4();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo5: 通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get
- Demo5();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo6: 通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性: 继承的接口,父类,函数信息,成员信息,类型等
- Demo6();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo7: 通过Java反射机制调用类中方法
- Demo7();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //Demo8: 通过Java反射机制获得类加载器
- Demo8();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- }
- /**
- * Demo1: 通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名
- */
- public static void Demo1()
- {
- Person person = new Person();
- System.out.println("Demo1: 包名: " + person.getClass().getPackage().getName() + ","
- + "完整类名: " + person.getClass().getName());
- }
- /**
- * Demo2: 验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- */
- public static void Demo2() throws ClassNotFoundException
- {
- //定义两个类型都未知的Class , 设置初值为null, 看看如何给它们赋值成Person类
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- Class<?> class2 = null;
- //写法1, 可能抛出 ClassNotFoundException [多用这个写法]
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
- System.out.println("Demo2:(写法1) 包名: " + class1.getPackage().getName() + ","
- + "完整类名: " + class1.getName());
- //写法2
- class2 = Person.class;
- System.out.println("Demo2:(写法2) 包名: " + class2.getPackage().getName() + ","
- + "完整类名: " + class2.getName());
- }
- /**
- * Demo3: 通过Java反射机制,用Class 创建类对象[这也就是反射存在的意义所在]
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- * @throws IllegalAccessException
- * @throws InstantiationException
- */
- public static void Demo3() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
- //由于这里不能带参数,所以你要实例化的这个类Person,一定要有无参构造函数哈~
- Person person = (Person) class1.newInstance();
- person.setAge(20);
- person.setName("LeeFeng");
- System.out.println("Demo3: " + person.getName() + " : " + person.getAge());
- }
- /**
- * Demo4: 通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数,并实现创建带参实例对象
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- * @throws InvocationTargetException
- * @throws IllegalAccessException
- * @throws InstantiationException
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException
- */
- public static void Demo4() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- Person person1 = null;
- Person person2 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
- //得到一系列构造函数集合
- Constructor<?>[] constructors = class1.getConstructors();
- person1 = (Person) constructors[0].newInstance();
- person1.setAge(30);
- person1.setName("leeFeng");
- person2 = (Person) constructors[1].newInstance(20,"leeFeng");
- System.out.println("Demo4: " + person1.getName() + " : " + person1.getAge()
- + " , " + person2.getName() + " : " + person2.getAge()
- );
- }
- /**
- * Demo5: 通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get
- *
- * @throws IllegalAccessException
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException
- * @throws NoSuchFieldException
- * @throws SecurityException
- * @throws InstantiationException
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- */
- public static void Demo5() throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
- Object obj = class1.newInstance();
- Field personNameField = class1.getDeclaredField("name");
- personNameField.setAccessible(true);
- personNameField.set(obj, "胖虎先森");
- System.out.println("Demo5: 修改属性之后得到属性变量的值:" + personNameField.get(obj));
- }
- /**
- * Demo6: 通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性: 继承的接口,父类,函数信息,成员信息,类型等
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- */
- public static void Demo6() throws ClassNotFoundException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
- //取得父类名称
- Class<?> superClass = class1.getSuperclass();
- System.out.println("Demo6: SuperMan类的父类名: " + superClass.getName());
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- Field[] fields = class1.getDeclaredFields();
- for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
- System.out.println("类中的成员: " + fields[i]);
- }
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //取得类方法
- Method[] methods = class1.getDeclaredMethods();
- for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
- System.out.println("Demo6,取得SuperMan类的方法:");
- System.out.println("函数名:" + methods[i].getName());
- System.out.println("函数返回类型:" + methods[i].getReturnType());
- System.out.println("函数访问修饰符:" + Modifier.toString(methods[i].getModifiers()));
- System.out.println("函数代码写法: " + methods[i]);
- }
- System.out.println("===============================================");
- //取得类实现的接口,因为接口类也属于Class,所以得到接口中的方法也是一样的方法得到哈
- Class<?> interfaces[] = class1.getInterfaces();
- for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
- System.out.println("实现的接口类名: " + interfaces[i].getName() );
- }
- }
- /**
- * Demo7: 通过Java反射机制调用类方法
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- * @throws NoSuchMethodException
- * @throws SecurityException
- * @throws InvocationTargetException
- * @throws IllegalAccessException
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException
- * @throws InstantiationException
- */
- public static void Demo7() throws ClassNotFoundException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
- System.out.println("Demo7: \n调用无参方法fly():");
- Method method = class1.getMethod("fly");
- method.invoke(class1.newInstance());
- System.out.println("调用有参方法walk(int m):");
- method = class1.getMethod("walk",int.class);
- method.invoke(class1.newInstance(),100);
- }
- /**
- * Demo8: 通过Java反射机制得到类加载器信息
- *
- * 在java中有三种类类加载器。[这段资料网上截取]
- 1)Bootstrap ClassLoader 此加载器采用c++编写,一般开发中很少见。
- 2)Extension ClassLoader 用来进行扩展类的加载,一般对应的是jre\lib\ext目录中的类
- 3)AppClassLoader 加载classpath指定的类,是最常用的加载器。同时也是java中默认的加载器。
- *
- * @throws ClassNotFoundException
- */
- public static void Demo8() throws ClassNotFoundException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
- String nameString = class1.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
- System.out.println("Demo8: 类加载器类名: " + nameString);
- }
- }
- /**
- *
- * @author xiaoyaomeng
- *
- */
- class Person{
- private int age;
- private String name;
- public Person(){
- }
- public Person(int age, String name){
- this.age = age;
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- }
- class SuperMan extends Person implements ActionInterface
- {
- private boolean BlueBriefs;
- public void fly()
- {
- System.out.println("超人会飞耶~~");
- }
- public boolean isBlueBriefs() {
- return BlueBriefs;
- }
- public void setBlueBriefs(boolean blueBriefs) {
- BlueBriefs = blueBriefs;
- }
- @Override
- public void walk(int m) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- System.out.println("超人会走耶~~走了" + m + "米就走不动了!");
- }
- }
- interface ActionInterface{
- public void walk(int m);
- }
个人觉得使用反射机制的一些地方:
1.工厂模式:Factory类中用反射的话,添加了一个新的类之后,就不需要再修改工厂类Factory了
2.数据库JDBC中通过Class.forName(Driver).来获得数据库连接驱动
3.分析类文件:毕竟能得到类中的方法等等
4.访问一些不能访问的变量或属性:破解别人代码