一、关于图像细化的算法可以参看下面两个PDF链接:
http://www.uel.br/pessoal/josealexandre/stuff/thinning/ftp/lam-lee-survey.pdf :总结了几乎所有92年以前的经典细化算法
http://www-prima.inrialpes.fr/perso/Tran/Draft/gateway.cfm.pdf :本文所附代码所参照的算法
二、实验结果
原图:
运行结果(分别为迭代1次、4次、8次、16次、64次的结果图):
三、opencv代码
运行环境:Windows 7,VS 2012,OpenCV 2.3
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv/cv.h>
#include <opencv/highgui.h>
using namespace std;
void cvThin( IplImage*, IplImage*, int iterations);
//使用举例
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
IplImage *pSrc = NULL,*pDst = NULL,*pTmp = NULL;
//传入一个灰度图像
pSrc = cvLoadImage("1.bmp",CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);
if(!pSrc)
{
return 0;
}
pTmp = cvCloneImage(pSrc);
pDst = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pSrc),pSrc->depth,pSrc->nChannels);
cvZero(pDst);
cvThreshold(pSrc,pTmp,68,1,CV_THRESH_BINARY_INV);//做二值处理,将图像转换成0,1格式
//cvSaveImage("pTmp.bmp",pTmp);
cvThin(pTmp,pDst,8);//细化,通过修改iterations参数进一步细化
cvNamedWindow("src",1);
cvNamedWindow("dst",1);
cvShowImage("src",pSrc);
//将二值图像转换成灰度,以便显示
int i = 0,j = 0;
CvSize size = cvGetSize(pDst);
for(i=0; i<size.height; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<size.width; j++)
{
if(CV_IMAGE_ELEM(pDst,uchar,i,j)==1)
{
CV_IMAGE_ELEM(pDst,uchar,i,j) = 0;
}
else
{
CV_IMAGE_ELEM(pDst,uchar,i,j) = 255;
}
}
}
cvSaveImage("dst_8.bmp",pDst);
cvShowImage("dst",pDst);
cvWaitKey(0);
cvReleaseImage(&pSrc);
cvReleaseImage(&pDst);
cvReleaseImage(&pTmp);
cvDestroyWindow("src");
cvDestroyWindow("dst");
return 0;
}
void cvThin( IplImage* src, IplImage* dst, int iterations)
{
//此时的src是一个二值化的图片
CvSize size = cvGetSize(src);
cvCopy(src, dst);
int n = 0,i = 0,j = 0;
for(n=0; n<iterations; n++)//开始进行迭代
{
IplImage* t_image = cvCloneImage(dst);
for(i=0; i<size.height; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<size.width; j++)
{
if(CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i,j)==1)
{
int ap=0;
int p2 = (i==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte, i-1, j);
int p3 = (i==0 || j==size.width-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte, i-1, j+1);
if (p2==0 && p3==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p4 = (j==size.width-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i,j+1);
if(p3==0 && p4==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p5 = (i==size.height-1 || j==size.width-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i+1,j+1);
if(p4==0 && p5==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p6 = (i==size.height-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i+1,j);
if(p5==0 && p6==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p7 = (i==size.height-1 || j==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i+1,j-1);
if(p6==0 && p7==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p8 = (j==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i,j-1);
if(p7==0 && p8==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p9 = (i==0 || j==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i-1,j-1);
if(p8==0 && p9==1)
{
ap++;
}
if(p9==0 && p2==1)
{
ap++;
}
if((p2+p3+p4+p5+p6+p7+p8+p9)>1 && (p2+p3+p4+p5+p6+p7+p8+p9)<7)
{
if(ap==1)
{
if(!(p2 && p4 && p6))
{
if(!(p4 && p6 && p8))
{
CV_IMAGE_ELEM(dst,byte,i,j)=0;//设置目标图像中像素值为0的点
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
cvReleaseImage(&t_image);
t_image = cvCloneImage(dst);
for(i=0; i<size.height; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<size.width; j++)
{
if(CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i,j)==1)
{
int ap=0;
int p2 = (i==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte, i-1, j);
int p3 = (i==0 || j==size.width-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte, i-1, j+1);
if (p2==0 && p3==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p4 = (j==size.width-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i,j+1);
if(p3==0 && p4==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p5 = (i==size.height-1 || j==size.width-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i+1,j+1);
if(p4==0 && p5==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p6 = (i==size.height-1)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i+1,j);
if(p5==0 && p6==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p7 = (i==size.height-1 || j==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i+1,j-1);
if(p6==0 && p7==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p8 = (j==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i,j-1);
if(p7==0 && p8==1)
{
ap++;
}
int p9 = (i==0 || j==0)?0:CV_IMAGE_ELEM(t_image,byte,i-1,j-1);
if(p8==0 && p9==1)
{
ap++;
}
if(p9==0 && p2==1)
{
ap++;
}
if((p2+p3+p4+p5+p6+p7+p8+p9)>1 && (p2+p3+p4+p5+p6+p7+p8+p9)<7)
{
if(ap==1)
{
if(p2*p4*p8==0)
{
if(p2*p6*p8==0)
{
CV_IMAGE_ELEM(dst, byte,i,j)=0;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
cvReleaseImage(&t_image);
}
}
四、参考链接
[1]http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/OpenCV/message/70260
[2]http://blog.csdn.net/byxdaz/article/details/5642669