Oracle函数大全

SQL中的单记录函数
[b]1.ASCII[/b]
返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;

SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;

A A ZERO SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
65 97 48 32

[b]2.CHR[/b]
给出整数,返回对应的字符;

SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C
-- -
赵 A

[b]3.CONCAT[/b]
连接两个字符串;

SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'转23'  高乾竞电话 from dual;

高乾竞电话
----------------
010-88888888转23

[b]4.INITCAP[/b]
返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;

SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP
-----
Smith


[b]5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)[/b]
在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
C1 被搜索的字符串
C2 希望搜索的字符串
I 搜索的开始位置,默认为1
J 出现的位置,默认为1

SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING
---------
9


[b]6.LENGTH[/b]
返回字符串的长度;

SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from .nchar_tst;

NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7



[b]7.LOWER[/b]
返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写

SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd


[b]8.UPPER[/b]
返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写

SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD



[b]9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)[/b]
RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符
LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符

SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不够字符则用*来填满


[b]10.LTRIM和RTRIM[/b]
LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串
RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串

SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('   gao qian jing   ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing


[b]11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)[/b]
取子字符串,从start开始,取count个

SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('
--------
08888888


[b]12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')[/b]
string 希望被替换的字符或变量
s1 被替换的字符串
s2 要替换的字符串

SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('HELOVEYOU','HE','I')
------------------------------
i love you


[b]13.SOUNDEX[/b]
返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串

SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

XM
--------
weather
wether


[b]14.TRIM('s' from 'string')[/b]
LEADING 剪掉前面的字符
TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符
如果不指定,默认为空格符

[b]15.ABS[/b]
返回指定值的绝对值

SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
100 100


[b]16.ACOS[/b]
给出反余弦的值

SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927


[b]17.ASIN[/b]
给出反正弦的值

SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878


[b]18.ATAN[/b]
返回一个数字的反正切值

SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816


[b]19.CEIL[/b]
返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数

SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
4


[b]20.COS[/b]
返回一个给定数字的余弦

SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
-1


[b]21.COSH[/b]
返回一个数字反余弦值

SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)
---------
242582598

[b]22.EXP[/b]
返回一个数字e的n次方根

SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual; 

EXP(2) EXP(1)

--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818


[b]23.FLOOR[/b]
对给定的数字取整数

SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
2345


[b]24.LN[/b]
返回一个数字的对数值

SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
0 .69314718 .99999999


[b]25.LOG(n1,n2)[/b]
返回一个以n1为底n2的对数

SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------
0 2


[b]26.MOD(n1,n2)[/b]
返回一个n1除以n2的余数

SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
1 0 2


[b]27.POWER[/b]
返回n1的n2次方根

SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
1024 27


[b]28.ROUND和TRUNC[/b]
按照指定的精度进行舍入

SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
56 -55 55 -55


[b]29.SIGN[/b]
取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0

SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
1 -1 0


[b]30.SIN[/b]
返回一个数字的正弦值

SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)
------------
1

[b]31.SIGH[/b]
返回双曲正弦的值

SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual; 

SIN(20) SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598


[b]32.SQRT[/b]
返回数字n的根

SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
8 3.1622777


[b]33.TAN[/b]
返回数字的正切值

SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20) TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083


[b]34.TANH[/b]
返回数字n的双曲正切值

SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20) TAN(20)
--------- ---------
1 2.2371609



[b]35.TRUNC[/b]
按照指定的精度截取一个数

SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
100 124.16



[b]36.ADD_MONTHS[/b]
增加或减去月份

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date

('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
200002

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
199910


[b]37.LAST_DAY[/b]
返回日期的最后一天

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10

SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04


[b]38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)[/b]
给出date2-date1的月份

SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9

SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW
---------
-60


[b]39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')[/b]
给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
2  (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32


[b]40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')[/b]
给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期

SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;

NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5月 -01



[b]41.SYSDATE[/b]
用来得到系统的当前日期

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
-----------------
09-05-2004 星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒

SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
  2  to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

HH HHMM
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00



[b]42.CHARTOROWID[/b]
将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型

SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES


[b]43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)[/b]
将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集

SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

conver
------
strutz

[b]44.HEXTORAW[/b]
将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制


[b]45.RAWTOHEXT[/b]
将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制

[b]46.ROWIDTOCHAR[/b]
将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型



[b]47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')[/b]

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41



[b]48.TO_DATE(string,'format')[/b]
将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期


[b]49.TO_MULTI_BYTE[/b]
将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符

SQL>  select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;

TO
--
高


[b]50.TO_NUMBER[/b]
将给出的字符转换为数字

SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

YEAR
---------
1999


[b]51.BFILENAME(dir,file)[/b]
指定一个外部二进制文件

SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));

[b]52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')[/b]
将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc

SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
  2  0,'none',
  3  2,'insert',
  4  3,
  5  'select',
  6  6,'update',
  7  7,'delete',
  8  8,'drop',
  9  'other') cmd  from v$session where type!='background';

SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
1 1 none
2 1 none
3 1 none
4 1 none
5 1 none
6 1 none
7 1275 none
8 1275 none
9 20 GAO select
10 40 GAO none


[b]53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)[/b]
DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值

SQL> col global_name for a30
SQL> col dump_string for a50
SQL> set lin 200
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D


[b]54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()[/b]
这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数


[b]55.GREATEST[/b]
返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.

SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;

GR
--
AC

SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;

GR
--
天


[b]56.LEAST[/b]
返回一组表达式中的最小值

SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;

LE
--
啊


[b]57.UID[/b]
返回标识当前用户的唯一整数

SQL> show user
USER 为"GAO"
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;

USERNAME USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------
GAO 25



[b]58.USER[/b]
返回当前用户的名字

SQL> select user from  dual;

USER
------------------------------
GAO


[b]59.USEREVN[/b]
返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true

SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN
------
FALSE

SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN
------
TRUE
SESSION
返回会话标志

SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;

USERENV('SESSIONID')
--------------------
152
ENTRYID
返回会话人口标志

SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;

USERENV('ENTRYID')
------------------
0
INSTANCE
返回当前INSTANCE的标志

SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;

USERENV('INSTANCE')
-------------------
1
LANGUAGE
返回当前环境变量

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
返回当前环境的语言的缩写

SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;

USERENV('LANG')
----------------------------------------------------
ZHS
TERMINAL
返回用户的终端或机器的标志

SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;

USERENV('TERMINA
----------------
GAO
VSIZE(X)
返回X的大小(字节)数

SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;

VSIZE(USER) USER
----------- ------------------------------
6 SYSTEM



[b]60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)[/b]
all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值

SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
语句已处理。
SQLWKS>  insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS>  insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS>  insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);
SQLWKS> commit;
SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
3333.33

SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(ALLSAL)
-----------
2592.59

[b]61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)[/b]
求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次

SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp; 

MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
5000

[b]62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)[/b]
求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次

SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;

MIN(ALLSAL)
-----------
1111.11


[b]63.STDDEV(distinct|all)[/b]
求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差

SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(SAL)
-----------
1182.5032

SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
-------------------
1229.951



[b]64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)[/b]
求协方差

SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;

VARIANCE(SAL)
-------------
1398313.9


[b]65.GROUP BY[/b]
主要用来对一组数进行统计

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
10 3 8750
20 5 10875
30 6 9400



[b]66.HAVING[/b]
对分组统计再加限制条件

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having nt(*)>=5;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
20 5 10875
30 6 9400
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by tno ;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
20 5 10875
30 6 9400


[b]67.ORDER BY[/b]
用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出

SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;

DEPTNO ENAME SAL
--------- ---------- ---------
10 KING 5000
10 CLARK 2450
10 MILLER 1300
20 SCOTT 3000
20 FORD 3000
20 JONES 2975
20 ADAMS 1100
20 SMITH 800
30 BLAKE 2850
30 ALLEN 1600
30 TURNER 1500
30 WARD 1250
30 MARTIN 1250
30 JAMES 950