spring boot2--web开发

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已于 2023-01-20 17:10:41 修改

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分类专栏： Spring boot 2学习笔记文章标签： spring boot 后端 java

于 2023-01-20 13:57:15 首次发布

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1 SpringMVC自动配置概览

官方文档地址：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/web.html#web

Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.

The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:

Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
内容协商视图解析器和BeanName视图解析器

Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document).

        静态资源

Automatic registration of Converter, GenericConverter, and Formatter beans.

        自动注册转换器，通用转换器，格式化bean

Support for HttpMessageConverters (covered later in this document).

        http消息转换

Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (covered later in this document).

        消息编码解析自动注册

Static index.html support.

        静态index.html支持

Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (covered later in this document).

        自动使用 ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer ，（DataBinder负责将请求数据绑定到JavaBean上）

If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurer but without @EnableWebMvc.

不用@EnableWebMvc注解。使用 @Configuration + WebMvcConfigurer 自定义规则

If you want to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of type WebMvcRegistrations and use it to provide custom instances of those components.

声明 WebMvcRegistrations 改变默认底层组件

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own @Configuration-annotated DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration as described in the Javadoc of @EnableWebMvc.

使用 @EnableWebMvc+@Configuration+DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 全面接管SpringMVC

2 静态资源处理

静态资源访问

静态资源目录

/static

/public

/resources

/META-INF/resources

访问方式：当前项目根路径/ + 静态资源名

原理：静态映射/**（匹配所有文件夹及子文件）。请求进来，先去找Controller看能不能处理。不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器。静态资源也找不到则响应404页面。

改变默认的访问前缀和静态资源路径

spring:
#修改静态资源访问前缀
  mvc:
    static-path-pattern: /res/**
#改变默认的静态资源路径
  resources:
    static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]

webjar

自动映射 /webjars/**

webjar资源：

WebJars - Web Libraries in Jars


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>

访问地址：http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js

后面地址要按照依赖里面的包路径

欢迎页index.html

静态资源路径下 index.html

自定义 `Favicon`

favicon.ico 放在静态资源目录下即可。

静态资源配置原理

SpringBoot启动默认加载 xxxAutoConfiguration 类（自动配置类）
SpringMVC功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration，生效

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}

给容器中配了什么

	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
	@Order(0)
	public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}

配置文件的相关属性和xxx进行了绑定。

WebMvcProperties==spring.mvc、ResourceProperties==spring.resources

配置类只有一个有参构造器

//有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定
public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(
                 //获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
                ResourceProperties resourceProperties,   
                 //获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象      
                WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
                 //Spring的beanFactory
				ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, 
                 //找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
                ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
                 //找到 资源处理器的自定义器。
				ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> 
                resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
                 //
				ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
                 //给应用注册Servlet、Filter....
				ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {
			this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
			this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
			this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
			this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
			this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer =                     
             resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
			this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
			this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
		}

资源处理的默认规则

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
			if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
				logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
				return;
			}
			Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
			CacheControl cacheControl =     
               this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
			//webjars的规则
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
				    
          customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
						.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
						 
             .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
			}
            
            //
			String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
			if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
				 
      customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
						.addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
						.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
			}
		}

spring:
  resources:
    add-mappings: false   禁用所有静态资源规则

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties {

	private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
			"classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };

	/**
	 * Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/,
	 * /resources/, /static/, /public/].
	 */
	private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;

欢迎页的处理规则

@Bean
        public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext, FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
            WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, this.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
            welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(this.getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
            welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(this.getCorsConfigurations());
            return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
        }

	WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
			ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
		if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
            //要用欢迎页功能，必须是/**
			logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get());
			setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
		}
		else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
            // 调用Controller  /index
			logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
			setRootViewName("index");
		}
	}

3 请求参数处理

请求映射

@xxxMapping

/user GET-获取用户 DELETE-删除用户 PUT-修改用户 POST-保存用户

核心Filter；HiddenHttpMethodFilter

用法：表单method=post，隐藏域 _method=put

SpringBoot中手动开启

扩展：如何把_method 这个名字换成我们自己喜欢的。

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getUser(){
        return "GET-张三";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String saveUser(){
        return "POST-张三";
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String putUser(){
        return "PUT-张三";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String deleteUser(){
        return "DELETE-张三";
    }

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = false)
public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
	return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter();
}


//自定义filter
@Bean
public HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter(){
    HiddenHttpMethodFilter methodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
    methodFilter.setMethodParam("_m");
    return methodFilter;
}

Rest原理（表单提交要使用REST的时候）

表单提交会带上_method=PUT
请求过来被HiddenHttpMethodFilter拦截

请求是否正常，并且是POST,获取到_method的值,兼容以下请求；PUT.DELETE.PATCH

原生request（post），包装模式requesWrapper重写了getMethod方法，返回的是传入的值。

过滤器链放行的时候用wrapper。以后的方法调用getMethod是调用requesWrapper的。

Rest使用客户端工具，

如PostMan直接发送Put、delete等方式请求，无需Filter。

spring:
  mvc:
    hiddenmethod:
      filter:
        enabled: true   #开启页面表单的Rest功能

请求映射原理

SpringMVC功能分析都从 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet-》doDispatch（）

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

				// 找到当前请求使用哪个Handler（Controller的方法）处理
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
                
                //HandlerMapping：处理器映射。/xxx->>xxxx

SpringBoot自动配置欢迎页的 WelcomePageHandlerMapping 。访问 /能访问到index.html；
SpringBoot自动配置了默认的 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
请求进来，挨个尝试所有的HandlerMapping看是否有请求信息。

如果有就找到这个请求对应的handler

如果没有就是下一个 HandlerMapping

我们需要一些自定义的映射处理，我们也可以自己给容器中放HandlerMapping。自定义 HandlerMapping

请求参数与注解

@PathVariable、@RequestHeader、@ModelAttribute、@RequestParam、 @MatrixVariable、@CookieValue、@RequestBody

@RestController
public class ParameterTestController {


    //  car/2/owner/zhangsan
    @GetMapping("/car/{id}/owner/{username}")
    public Map<String,Object> getCar(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
                                     @PathVariable("username") String name,
                                     @PathVariable Map<String,String> pv,
                                     @RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent,
                                     @RequestHeader Map<String,String> header,
                                     @RequestParam("age") Integer age,
                                     @RequestParam("inters") List<String> inters,
                                     @RequestParam Map<String,String> params,
                                     @CookieValue("_ga") String _ga,
                                     @CookieValue("_ga") Cookie cookie){


        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

//        map.put("id",id);
//        map.put("name",name);
//        map.put("pv",pv);
//        map.put("userAgent",userAgent);
//        map.put("headers",header);
        map.put("age",age);
        map.put("inters",inters);
        map.put("params",params);
        map.put("_ga",_ga);
        System.out.println(cookie.getName()+"===>"+cookie.getValue());
        return map;
    }


    @PostMapping("/save")
    public Map postMethod(@RequestBody String content){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("content",content);
        return map;
    }


    //1、语法： 请求路径：/cars/sell;low=34;brand=byd,audi,yd
    //2、SpringBoot默认是禁用了矩阵变量的功能
    //      手动开启：原理。对于路径的处理。UrlPathHelper进行解析。
    //              removeSemicolonContent（移除分号内容）支持矩阵变量的
    //3、矩阵变量必须有url路径变量才能被解析
    @GetMapping("/cars/{path}")
    public Map carsSell(@MatrixVariable("low") Integer low,
                        @MatrixVariable("brand") List<String> brand,
                        @PathVariable("path") String path){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        map.put("low",low);
        map.put("brand",brand);
        map.put("path",path);
        return map;
    }

    // /boss/1;age=20/2;age=10

    @GetMapping("/boss/{bossId}/{empId}")
    public Map boss(@MatrixVariable(value = "age",pathVar = "bossId") Integer bossAge,
                    @MatrixVariable(value = "age",pathVar = "empId") Integer empAge){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        map.put("bossAge",bossAge);
        map.put("empAge",empAge);
        return map;

    }

}

4 数据响应与内容协商

5视图解析与模板引擎

6拦截器

7文件上传

8异常处理

9原生组件注入（Servlet,filter,listener）

10嵌入式servlet容器

11定制化原理