多进程（父子进程）中的管道通信

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<errno.h>

#include<unistd.h>

#include<sys/types.h>

#include<string.h>

int main(int argc,char** argv)

{

        static const char mesg[] = "Hello world!";

        int pipefd[2];//pipefd[0]：读端口  pipdfd[1]：写端口

        pid_t pid;

        char buf[BUFSIZ];

        size_t len,n;

        if(pipe(pipefd)<0)

                perror("pipe error");

        if((pid = fork())<0)   // fork创建子进程    parent：pid>0     child:pid =0

                perror("fork error");

        else if(pid>0){  //父进程

                printf("PIPE(parent):Read end = fd %d, Write end = fd%d\n",pipefd[0],pipefd[1]);

                close(pipefd[0]);  //关闭父进程管道读端口

                len = strlen(mesg);

                if(write(pipefd[1],mesg,len)!=len){ //写父进程管道

                        fprintf(stderr, "write failed :%s\n", strerror(errno));       

                        exit(1);

                }            

                printf("Write %s to pipe\n",mesg);

                close(pipefd[1]);

        }

        else{  //子进程

                 printf("PIPE(Child):Read end = fd %d, Write end = fd%d\n",pipefd[0],pipefd[1]);

                 close(pipefd[1]); //关闭子进程管道写端口

                 n = read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZ);

                 buf[n] = '\0';

                 printf("Read :%s from pipe\n",buf);

                 close(pipefd[0]);

        }  

       exit(0);

}

建立一条从父进程到子进程的管道，需要在父进程中关闭管道的读端，在子进程中关闭管道的写端。

fork()后子进程先运行，由于此时管道无数据，子进程被阻塞。当父进程开始执行，并将数据写入管道后，子进程才运行，读出管道内数据。