javaWeb（二）

6、Servlet

6.1 Servlet简介

• Servlet就是Sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
• Sun公司在这些API中提供一个接口叫做：Servlet，如果你想要开发一个Servlet程序，只需要完成两个小步骤：
  • 编写一个类，实现Servlet接口
  • 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中

把实现了Servlet接口的java程序叫做Servlet

6.2 HelloServlet

servlet接口sun公司有2个默认的实现类：HttpServlet、GenericServlet

1. 构建一个普通的maven项目，删掉里面的src目录，以后我们的学习就在这个项目中建立Module，这个空的工程就是Maven的主工程
2. 关于maven父子工程的理解
   父项目中：

    <modules>
        <module>servlet-01</module>
    </modules>

子项目中：

  <parent>
        <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

父项目中的jar包子项目可以直接使用

son extends father

3. Maven环境优化
   1. 修改web.xml为最新的
   2. 将maven的结构搭建完整
4. 编写一个servlet程序
   1. 编写一个普通类
   2. 实现Servlet接口，这里我们直接继承HttpServlet
      

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式，可以互相调用，业务逻辑都一样
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        req.getInputStream()
        //        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();//响应流

        writer.print("hello,servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5. 编写Servlet的映射
   为什么需要映射？
   我们写的是java程序，但是要通过浏览器访问，而浏览器需要连接web服务器，所以我们需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet，还需要给它一个浏览器能够访问的路径

<!--  注册servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
<!--  servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

6. 配置Tomcat
   注意：配置项目发布的路径就可以了
7. 启动测试
   
   

tips：快捷键：ctrl+o

6.3 servlet原理

servlet是由web服务器调用的，web服务器在收到

6.4 Mapping问题

1. 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
   

2. 一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
   

3. 一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径
   
   但是如果这样写：
   
   就不会进入index了
   
   默认请求路径
   

4. 指定一些后缀或者前缀等等……
   

5. 优先级问题
指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高，如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求

6.5 servletContext

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的servletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用

1、共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另一个Servlet中拿到

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

//        this.getInitParameter()   初始化参数
//        this.getServletConfig()    Servlet配置
//        this.getServletContext()   Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username="秦";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//就将以恶搞数据保存到ServletContext中，名字为username，值为username

    }
}

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String)context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        resp.getWriter().print(username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<web-app>

<!--  <context-param>-->
<!--    <param-name></param-name>-->
<!--    <param-value></param-value>-->
<!--  </context-param>-->

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
<!--    <init-param>-->
<!--      <param-name></param-name>-->
<!--      <param-value></param-value>-->
<!--    </init-param>-->
  </servlet>
  <!--  servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!--  servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2、获取初始化参数

<!--  配置一些web应用的初始化参数-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
  </context-param>

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!--  servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/geturl</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

运行结果：

3、请求转发

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("demo04");
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/geturl");//转发的请求路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!--  servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/geturl</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!--  servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

上面是转发，下面是重定向

4、读取资源文件

Properties

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(username+" "+password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

6.7 HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，和一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

1、简单分类

响应的状态码

 int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2、下载文件

1. 向浏览器输出消息（一直在讲，不说了）
2. 下载文件
   1.获取下载文件的路径
   2.下载的文件名是啥？
   3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
   4.获取下载文件的输入流
   5.创建缓冲区
   6.获取OutputStream对象
   7.将FileOuutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
   8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取下载文件的路径
//        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/1.png");
        String realPath="D:\\【程序】\\Java\\java项目\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\1.png";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径：" +realPath);
//        2.下载的文件名是啥？
        String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//        3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
//            4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//        5.创建缓冲区
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//        6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//        7.将FileOuutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
//        8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
        while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

如果文件名为中文：

3、验证码功能

验证怎么来的？

• 前端实现
• 后端实现，需要使用java的图片类，生成一个图片

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       // 如何让浏览器5秒自动刷新一次
         resp.setHeader("refresh","3");

         // 在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,60,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g =(Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//笔

//        设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);

//        给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，设置不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写到浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", resp.getOutputStream());

    }

//    生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num=random.nextInt(999999)+"";
        StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
        for(int i=0;i<7-num.length();i++){
            sb.append("0");
        }
        num=sb.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4、实现重定向

B一个web资源收到客户端A请求之后，B会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C，这个过程叫做重定向

常见场景：

• 用户登录

    void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Redirect extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        /**   原理：
         *         resp.setHeader("Location","/response_war/image");
         *         resp.setStatus(302);
         */

        resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/image");//重定向


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

面试题：

请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别？

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>

<%--这里提交的路径，需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}这个代表当前项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username" ><br>
    密码： <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">

</form>
</body>
</html>

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请入这个请求了");
//        处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username+":"+password);

        //重定向一定要注意，路径问题，否则会有404
        resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>

</body>
</html>

问题：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_50231389/article/details/117811376

6.8 HttpServletRequest

获取参数，请求转发

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");

        //有中文乱码的问题
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));

        //通过请求转发
//        getRequestDispatcher分成两种，可以用request调用，也可以用getServletContext()调用     不同的是
//        request.getRequestDispatcher(url)的url可以是相对路径也可以是绝对路径。
//        而this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(url)的url只能是绝对路径。

        // 这里的 /  代表当前的web应用   服务器内部：加了相当于把那个斜杠解析成当前工程下
        //重定向需要写项目名 请求转发不需要
        //加xie'gang、加点斜杠、不加斜杠，这三种情况均可正常转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Yoyo
  Date: 2021/11/29
  Time: 17:57
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java"  isELIgnored="false"  %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>登录</h1>

<div style="text-align: center">
<%--    以post的方式提交表单，提交到我们的login请求--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
        爱好：
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="draw1">draw1
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="draw2">draw2
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="draw3">draw3
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="draw4">draw4

        <br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Yoyo
  Date: 2021/11/29
  Time: 18:03
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

 <h1>登录成功！</h1>
</body>
</html>