GO类型断言

我们知道接口可以指向任意类型对象，只要该类型实现了接口中的所有方法。

那如何判定接口到底指向的是哪种类型的对象呢？我们可以使用类型断言来实现。

语法：

x.(T)

其中，x为接口变量，T为任意的类型。上面的断言语句表示   x  is not  nil  and that the value stored in  x  is of type  T

More precisely, if T is not an interface type, x.(T) asserts that the dynamic type of x is identical to the type T. In this case, T must implement the (interface) type of x; otherwise the type assertion is invalid since it is not possible for x to store a value of type T. If T is an interface type, x.(T) asserts that the dynamic type of x implements the interface T.

If the type assertion holds, the value of the expression is the value stored in x and its type is T. If the type assertion is false, a run-time panic occurs. In other words, even though the dynamic type of x is known only at run time, the type of x.(T) is known to be T in a correct program.

var x interface{} = 7          // x has dynamic type int and value 7
i := x.(int)                   // i has type int and value 7

type I interface { m() }

func f(y I) {
	s := y.(string)        // illegal: string does not implement I (missing method m)
	r := y.(io.Reader)     // r has type io.Reader and the dynamic type of y must implement both I and io.Reader
	…
}

A type assertion used in an assignment or initialization of the special form

v, ok = x.(T)
v, ok := x.(T)
var v, ok = x.(T)
var v, ok T1 = x.(T)

yields an additional untyped boolean value. The value of ok is true if the assertion holds. 

Otherwise it is false and the value of v is the zero value for type T. No run-time panic occurs in this case.