Nginx-反响代理Tomcat

• 反向代理概念
  
  先说正向代理，比如要访问youtube,但是不能直接访问，只能先找个翻墙软件，通过翻墙软件才能访问youtube. 翻墙软件就叫做正向代理。
  所谓的反向代理，指的是用户要访问youtube,但是youtube悄悄地把这个请求交给bilibili来做，那么bilibili就是反向代理了。
  在当前教程指的就是访问nginx,但是nginx把请求交给tomcat来做。
• 启动tomcat
  
  首先启动多个Tomcat 中端口号是8111的tomcat
  
• 修改nginx.conf
  
  然后修改nginx.conf，主要是30-42行
  

  location / {
          	proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8111;
  	}

  location / 表示处理所有请求
  proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8111; 表示把请求都交给http://127.0.0.1:8111来处理
  

  #user  nobody;
  worker_processes  1;
   
  #error_log  logs/error.log;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
   
  #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
   
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
   
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
   
      #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
      #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
      #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
   
      #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
   
      sendfile        on;
      #tcp_nopush     on;
   
      #keepalive_timeout  0;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
   
      #gzip  on;
   
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  localhost;
   
          #charset koi8-r;
   
          #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
   
          location / {
              proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8111;
      }
   
          #error_page  404              /404.html;
   
          # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
          #
          error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
          location = /50x.html {
              root   html;
          }
   
          # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
          #
          #location ~ \.php$ {
          #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
          #}
   
          # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
          #
          #location ~ \.php$ {
          #    root           html;
          #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
          #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
          #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
          #    include        fastcgi_params;
          #}
   
          # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
          # concurs with nginx's one
          #
          #location ~ /\.ht {
          #    deny  all;
          #}
      }
   
      # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
      #
      #server {
      #    listen       8000;
      #    listen       somename:8080;
      #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
   
      #    location / {
      #        root   html;
      #        index  index.html index.htm;
      #    }
      #}
   
      # HTTPS server
      #
      #server {
      #    listen       443 ssl;
      #    server_name  localhost;
   
      #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
      #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
   
      #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
      #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
   
      #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
      #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
   
      #    location / {
      #        root   html;
      #        index  index.html index.htm;
      #    }
      #}
   
  }

• 重启nginx并访问
  
  使用如下命令重启 nginx 
  

  nginx -s reload

  
  然后访问地址：
  

  http://127.0.0.0/ 

  就会观察到已经反向代理到tomcat了
  
• 意义何在
  
  既然直接通过127.0.0.1:8111/login.jsp 可以访问，那么干嘛要通过127.0.0.1/login.jsp 去反向代理到tomcat呢？ 为什么不直接使用tomcat呢？
  
  因为nginx在处理静态文件的吞吐量上面比tomcat好很多，通常他们俩配合，不会把所有的请求都如本例所示的交给tomcat, 而是把静态请求交给nginx，动态请求，如jsp, servlet,ssm， struts等请求交给tomcat. 从而达到动静分离的效果。 接下来就会讲解如何进行动静分离。