MySQL5.1.x版本中引入了一项新特性EVENT,顾名思义就是事件、定时任务机制,在指定的时间单元内执行特定的任务,因此今后一些对数据定时性操作不再依赖外部程序,而直接使用数据库本身提供的功能。
创建EVENT非常简单,语法如下:
CREATE
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
EVENT
[IF NOT EXISTS]
event_name
ON SCHEDULE schedule
[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]
[ENABLE | DISABLE | DISABLE ON SLAVE]
[COMMENT 'comment']
DO sql_statement;
schedule:
AT timestamp [+ INTERVAL interval]
| EVERY interval
[STARTS timestamp [+ INTERVAL interval]]
[ENDS timestamp [+ INTERVAL interval]]
interval:
quantity {YEAR | QUARTER | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE |
WEEK | SECOND | YEAR_MONTH | DAY_HOUR | DAY_MINUTE |
DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND}
例如创建一个每30秒清空tableA数据的任务
CREATE EVENT E_DELETE_ASO_TOKEN ON SCHEDULE EVERY 30 SECOND DO DELETE FROM tableA ;
默认EVENT支持是没有启动的,可以通过下面的命令来查看状态:
Select @@event_scheduler;
如果返回OFF,则需要执行下面的命令启动:
SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = ON;
好了,上面虽然启动了EVENT,但是每次重启mysql之后EVENT并没有自动启动,
那么如何让它自动启动呢?
方法之一:找到当前使用的.cnf文件,在[mysqld]的下面加入如下行...
event_scheduler=1
方法二:启动mysql的时候增加--event_scheduler=1
mysql start --event_scheduler=1
事件详细语法事例(EVENT)
1>创建事件(CREATE EVENT)
先来看一下它的语法:
CREATE EVENT [IF NOT EXISTS] event_name
ON SCHEDULE schedule
[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]
[ENABLE | DISABLE]
[COMMENT 'comment']
DO sql_statement;
schedule:
AT TIMESTAMP [+ INTERVAL INTERVAL]
| EVERY INTERVAL [STARTS TIMESTAMP] [ENDS TIMESTAMP]
INTERVAL:
quantity {YEAR | QUARTER | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE |
WEEK | SECOND | YEAR_MONTH | DAY_HOUR | DAY_MINUTE |
DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND}1) 首先来看一个简单的例子来演示每秒插入一条记录到数据表
USE test;
CREATE TABLE aaa (timeline TIMESTAMP);
CREATE EVENT e_test_insert
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 SECOND
DO INSERT INTO test.aaa VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);等待3秒钟后,再执行查询看看:
mysql> SELECT * FROM aaa;
+---------------------+
| timeline |
+---------------------+
| 2007-07-18 20:44:26 |
| 2007-07-18 20:44:27 |
| 2007-07-18 20:44:28 |
+---------------------+2) 5天后清空test表:
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE AT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAY
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;3) 2007年7月20日12点整清空test表:
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE AT TIMESTAMP '2007-07-20 12:00:00'
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;4) 每天定时清空test表:
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;5) 5天后开启每天定时清空test表:
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY
STARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAY
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;6) 每天定时清空test表,5天后停止执行:
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY
ENDS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAY
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;7) 5天后开启每天定时清空test表,一个月后停止执行:
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY
STARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAY
ENDS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 MONTH
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]可以设置这个事件是执行一次还是持久执行,默认为NOT PRESERVE。
8) 每天定时清空test表(只执行一次,任务完成后就终止该事件):
CREATE EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY
ON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVE
DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;[ENABLE | DISABLE]可是设置该事件创建后状态是否开启或关闭,默认为ENABLE。
[COMMENT ‘comment’]可以给该事件加上注释。
2>修改事件(ALTER EVENT)
ALTER EVENT event_name
[ON SCHEDULE schedule]
[RENAME TO new_event_name]
[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]
[COMMENT 'comment']
[ENABLE | DISABLE]
[DO sql_statement]1) 临时关闭事件
ALTER EVENT e_test DISABLE;2) 开启事件
ALTER EVENT e_test ENABLE;3) 将每天清空test表改为5天清空一次:
ALTER EVENT e_test
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 5 DAY;3>删除事件(DROP EVENT)
语法很简单,如下所示:
DROP EVENT [IF EXISTS] event_name例如删除前面创建的e_test事件
DROP EVENT e_test;当然前提是这个事件存在,否则会产生ERROR 1513 (HY000): Unknown event错误,因此最好加上IF EXISTS
DROP EVENT IF EXISTS e_test;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE PROCEDURE bakHisDataProc()
BEGIN
DECLARE x1 CHAR(15);
DECLARE x2 CHAR(15);
DECLARE x3 CHAR(20);
select extract(year_month from curdate()) into x1;
select date_format(curdate()-1,'%Y%m%d') into x2;
set x3 = CONCAT('tbak_',x2);
set @sql= CONCAT('CREATE TABLE ',x3," AS SELECT * FROM t_hislocatedata where ADDTIME > date_format(curdate()-1,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s') AND ADDTIME< date_format(curdate(),'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s');");
prepare s1 from @sql;
execute s1;
deallocate prepare s1;
delete FROM t_hislocatedata where ADDTIME > date_format(curdate()-1,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s') AND ADDTIME< date_format(curdate(),'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s');
END
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS bakHisDataProc;
CREATE EVENT bakHisDataEven
ON SCHEDULE AT '2010-09-09 00:00:00'+INTERVAL 1 DAY
on completion not preserve
DO call bakHisDataProc;