Swift --- 2.10属性

struct FixedLengthRange {
            var firstValue: Int
            let length: Int
        }
        var rangeOfThreeItems = FixedLengthRange(firstValue: 0, length: 3)
        // 该区间表示整数0，1，2
        rangeOfThreeItems.firstValue = 6
        // 该区间现在表示整数6，7，8
        
        //let rangeOfFourItems = FixedLengthRange(firstValue: 0, length: 4)
        // 该区间表示整数0，1，2，3
        //rangeOfFourItems.firstValue = 6
        // 尽管 firstValue 是个变量属性，这里还是会报错
        
        //延迟存储属性
        //注意： 必须将延迟存储属性声明成变量（使用var关键字），因为属性的值在实例构造完成之前可能无法得到。而常量属性在构造过程完成之前必须要有初始值，因此无法声明成延迟属性。
        
        let manager = DataManager()
        manager.data += "Some data"
        manager.data += "Some more data"
        // DataImporter 实例的 importer 属性还没有被创建
        
        println(manager.importer.fileName)
        // DataImporter 实例的 importer 属性现在被创建了
        // 输出 "data.txt”

计算属性

struct Point {
            var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
        }
        struct Size {
            var width = 0.0, height = 0.0
        }
        struct Rect {
            var origin = Point()
            var size = Size()
            var center: Point {
            get {
                let centerX = origin.x + (size.width / 2)
                let centerY = origin.y + (size.height / 2)
                return Point(x: centerX, y: centerY)
            }
            set {
                origin.x = newValue.x - (size.width / 2)
                origin.y = newValue.y - (size.height / 2)
            }
            }
        }
        var square = Rect(origin: Point(x: 0.0, y: 0.0),
            size: Size(width: 10.0, height: 10.0))
        let initialSquareCenter = square.center
        square.center = Point(x: 15.0, y: 15.0)
        println("square.origin is now at (\(square.origin.x), \(square.origin.y))")
        // 输出 "square.origin is now at (10.0, 10.0)”

        
        //必须使用var关键字定义计算属性，包括只读计算属性，因为它们的值不是固定的。let关键字只用来声明常量属性，表示初始化后再也无法修改的值
        
        //没具体可以直接return
        struct Cuboid {
            var width = 0.0, height = 0.0, depth = 0.0
            var volume: Double {
            return width * height * depth
            }
        }
        let fourByFiveByTwo = Cuboid(width: 4.0, height: 5.0, depth: 2.0)
        println("the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is \(fourByFiveByTwo.volume)")
        // 输出 "the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is 40.0"

属性监视器

/**
        可以为属性添加如下的一个或全部监视器：
        
        willSet在设置新的值之前调用
        didSet在新的值被设置之后立即调用
        
        willSet和didSet监视器在属性初始化过程中不会被调用，它们只会当属性的值在初始化之外的地方被设置时被调用。
        */
        
        class StepCounter {
            var totalSteps: Int = 0 {
            willSet(newTotalSteps) {
                println("About to set totalSteps to \(newTotalSteps)")
            }
            didSet {
                if totalSteps > oldValue  {
                    println("Added \(totalSteps - oldValue) steps")
                }
            }
            }
        }
        let stepCounter = StepCounter()
        stepCounter.totalSteps = 200
        // About to set totalSteps to 200
        // Added 200 steps
        stepCounter.totalSteps = 360
        // About to set totalSteps to 360
        // Added 160 steps
        stepCounter.totalSteps = 896
        // About to set totalSteps to 896
        // Added 536 steps