delphi for xx in xx do 语法的使用示例

uses IOUtils, Vcl.Styles, vcl.Themes; 
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); 
var 
  dir, fileName, styleName: string; 
begin 
  //VCL 的样式文件 *.vsf 
  //在 X:\Program Files\Embarcadero\RAD Studio\9.0\Redist\styles\vcl\ 
  dir :=    GetEnvironmentVariable('Delphi') + '\Redist\styles\vcl'; 

  {载入所有 *.vsf 文件} 
  for fileName in TDirectory.GetFiles(dir, '*.vsf') do 
    TStyleManager.LoadFromFile(fileName); 

  {将样式名称导入列表} 
  for styleName in TStyleManager.StyleNames do 
    ListBox1.Items.Add(styleName); 
end; 

{修改样式} 
procedure TForm1.ListBox1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin 
  TStyleManager.SetStyle(ListBox1.Items[ListBox1.ItemIndex]); 
end; 

在Delphi 2005就已經加入了For element in collection do statement語法，可以用來歷遍一個集合、數組等等,下面這個是For in 支持的類型: 

# Classes.TList
# Classes.TCollection
# Classes.TStrings
# Classes.TInterfaceList
# Classes.TComponent
# Menus.TMenuItem
# ActnList.TCustomActionList
# DB.TFields
# ComCtrls.TListItems
# ComCtrls.TTreeNodes
# ComCtrls.TToolBar

首先來看一個簡單的例子：}

procedure ShowListStr(StrList: TStrings);
var
   tmpStr: String;
begin
  for tmpStr in StrList do
  ShowMessage(tmpStr); //這樣就可以歷遍整個SrList的值了，比以前用for i to do 快了很多吧
end;
{再看看這個:(數組歷遍)}
type
  TIntArray = array[0..9] of Integer;
  TGenericIntArray = array of Integer;
var
  IntArray1: array[0..9] of Integer = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
  IntArray2: array[1..2] of TIntArray = ((11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20),
    (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30));
  IntArrayTemp: TIntArray;
  IGenericIntArray: TGenericIntArray;
  i: integer;
begin
   for i in IntArray1 do
   begin
    ShowMessage(IntToStr(i)); //這樣便可以歷遍這個數組，不用再用for High Low等等函數了
   end;
  for i in IntArray2 do //多維數組的歷遍
   for i in IGenericIntArray do
     begin
        ShowMessage(IntToStr(i));
   end;
end;
{看了後是不是覺得歷遍一個數組比以前方便多了. 
再看看For in 在字符串中的應用:}
var
  C: Char;
  Str1,Str2: String;
begin
  Str1 := 'Hello Everybody,I am Kevin...';
  Str2 := '';
  for C in S1 do //這樣就已經歷遍了一個字符串，並進行了拆解... 
   Str2 := Str2 + C;
   if Str1 = Str2 then
   ShowMessage('Success!');
  end;
{再看看如何歷遍集合型的數據類型的：}
type
  TMyThing = (one, two, three);
  TMySet = set of TMyThing;
  TCharSet = set of Char;
var
  MySet: TMySet;
  MyThing: TMyThing;
  CharSet: TCharSet;
  C: Char;
begin
   MySet := [one, two, three];
   for MyThing in MySet do //歷遍集合
   begin
     // 做相關的處理
   end;
  CharSet := [#0..#255];
   for C in CharSet do
   begin
      // 做相關的處理
   end;
end. 
{下面這個更加有用，歷遍類
這個類必須實現一個公用的方法為：GetEnumerator()，此方法返回的是一個類.而另一個類必須實現一個公用的方法為：MoveNext()和一個名為Current的屬性.方法返回類型為Boolean;看例子：}
type
TMyIntArray = array of Integer;

TMyEnumerator = class
Values: TMyIntArray;
Index: Integer;
public
constructor Create;
function GetCurrent: Integer;
function MoveNext: Boolean; //這個為實現的MoveNext方法
property Current: Integer read GetCurrent;
end;

TMyContainer = class
public
function GetEnumerator: TMyEnumerator; //這個為實現的GetEnumerator的方法. 
end;

constructor TMyEnumerator.Create;
begin
inherited Create;
Values := TMyIntArray.Create(100, 200, 300);
Index := -1;
end;

function TMyEnumerator.MoveNext: Boolean;
begin
if Index < High(Values) then
begin
Inc(Index);
Result := True;
end
else
Result := False;
end;

function TMyEnumerator.GetCurrent: Integer;
begin
Result := Values[Index];
end;
function TMyContainer.GetEnumerator: TMyEnumerator;
begin
Result := TMyEnumerator.Create;
end;
var
MyContainer: TMyContainer;
I: Integer;
Counter: Integer;
begin
MyContainer := TMyContainer.Create;

for I in MyContainer do //歷遍,並把TMyEnumerator的Current進行累加... 
　Inc(Counter, I);

ShowMessage(IntToStr(Counter)); //值為600
end. 
{從上面可以看到通過Current就可以實現很大功能了,我們只需把Current的類型變一個，就可以做到很方便的功能. 
總結，從For In語法看到，可以給我們編碼時帶來很多方便... }

哈哈,Java和C#里面的For In用起来真爽,我们Delphin也不用眼红了,从D2005起,Delphi里面也有这个功能了.

首先我们要知道哪些类型可以用For In吧,下面就是:
for Element in ArrayExpr do Stmt;      数组
for Element in StringExpr do Stmt;    字符串
for Element in SetExpr do Stmt;         集合
for Element in CollectionExpr do Stmt;   集合
for Element in Record do Stmt;         结构体

我们来看例子:

type
THuangJacky = (hjA,hjB,hjC,hjD);
TJackyHuang = record
    a,b,c:Integer;
end;
const
    stringExpr='HuangJacky';
    arrayExpr:array[0..5] of Integer= (1,2,3,4,5,6);
    setExpr:set of THuangJacky = [hjA,hjB,hjD];
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
    I:Integer;
    C:Char;
    D:THuangJacky;
    F:TComponent;
begin
for c in stringExpr do
    ShowMessage(C);
for i in arrayExpr do
    ShowMessage(IntToStr(i));
for d in setExpr do
    ShowMessage(IntToStr(Ord(d)));
for F in Self do
    ShowMessage(f.Name);
end;

是不是很爽呀?哈哈,Delphi也与时俱进呀.

之前写了类助手文章中,老赵问是不是扩展方法,因为对C#没有了解到这么多,所以不知道.
那么我们在Java中要For In必须实现Iterator吧.
那么Delphi的会不会也要呢?
是的,如果我们要自己的类支持For In的话,就必须满足下面的条件:
1 必须有个公共方法GetEnumerator(),这个方法返回值是一个类,接口或者记录体.
2 上面返回的类,接口或者记录体中又必须有公共方法MoveNext(),这个方法的返回值是Boolean.
3 1中返回的类,接口或者记录体中必须有一个只读的属性Current,类型要和集合中的元素一样.

说了这么多,看个例子:
type
  TMyIntArray = array of Integer;
 
  TMyEnumerator = class
    Values: TMyIntArray;
    Index:  Integer;
  public
    constructor Create;
    function GetCurrent: Integer;
    function MoveNext:   Boolean;
    property Current:    Integer read GetCurrent;
  end;
 
  TMyContainer  = class
  public
   function GetEnumerator: TMyEnumerator;
  end;
 
constructor TMyEnumerator.Create;
begin
  inherited Create;
  Values := TMyIntArray.Create(100, 200, 300);
  Index := -1;
end;
 
function TMyEnumerator.MoveNext: Boolean;
begin
  if Index < High(Values) then
    begin
      Inc(Index);
      Result := True;
    end
  else
    Result := False;
end;
 
function TMyEnumerator.GetCurrent: Integer;
begin
  Result := Values[Index];
end;
 
function TMyContainer.GetEnumerator: TMyEnumerator;
begin
  Result := TMyEnumerator.Create;
end;
 
var
  MyContainer: TMyContainer;
  I: Integer;
 
  Counter: Integer;
 
begin
  MyContainer := TMyContainer.Create;
 
  Counter := 0;
  for I in MyContainer do
    Inc(Counter, I);
 
  WriteLn('Counter = ', Counter);
end.

一、遍历 TStrings
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 var
  List: TStrings;
  s: string;
begin
  List := TStringList.Create;
  List.CommaText := 'aaa,bbb,ccc';

  for s in List do
    ShowMessage(s);

  List.Free;
end;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
二、遍历数组
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 var
  Arr: array[0..2] of Byte;
  i: Integer;
  b: Byte;
begin

  for i := Low(Arr) to High(Arr) do
    Arr[i] := Random(MAXBYTE);

  for b in Arr do
    ShowMessage(IntToStr(b));
end;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
三、遍历子界
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 {例1}
var
  sub: 0..9;
  str: string;
begin
  str := '';
  for sub in [Low(sub)..High(sub)] do
    str := str + IntToStr(sub);

  ShowMessage(str); {0123456789}
end;

{例2}
type
  TSub = 'A'..'G';
var
  sub: TSub;
  str: string;
begin
  str := '';
  for sub in [Low(sub)..High(sub)] do
    str := str + sub;

  ShowMessage(str); {ABCDEFG}
end;

{例3}
var
  sub: Byte; {Byte 应该算是个 0..255 的子界}
  num: Cardinal;
begin
  num := 0;
  for sub in [Low(sub)..High(sub)] do
    Inc(num, sub);

  ShowMessage(IntToStr(num)); {32640}
end;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
四、遍历枚举
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 type
  TEnum = (Red,Green,Blue);
var
  enum: TEnum;
  count: Integer;
begin
  count := 0;
  for enum in [Low(enum)..High(enum)] do
    Inc(count);

  ShowMessage(IntToStr(count)); {3}
end;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
五、遍历集合
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 type
  TEnum = (Red,Green,Blue,Yellow);
  TSet = set of TEnum;
var
  set1: set of TEnum;
  set2: TSet;
  elem: Tenum;
  count: Integer;
begin
  set1 := [Red, Yellow];
  count := 0;
  for elem in set1 do Inc(count);
  ShowMessage(IntToStr(count)); {2}

  set2 := [Red..Yellow];
  count := 0;
  for elem in set2 do Inc(count);
  ShowMessage(IntToStr(count)); {4}
end;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
六、遍历字符串
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 var
  str: string;
  c: Char;
begin
  str := 'ABCD';
  for c in str do 
    ShowMessage(c);
end;