java的中的各种锁

Synchronzied与ReentrantLock(Lock接口的一个实现类)的对比

ReentrantLock有很多 Synchronzied 不具备的功能,下文展示一些实现lock的实现类,记住一些典型案例

 演示锁-ReentrantLock基本使用示例代码如下(重要的事情是解锁哈)

package com.example.java.base.concurrency.lock.lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
/**
 * ReentrantLockTest:ReentrantLock锁的基本使用默认是非公平的锁(可以通过构造方法传入true改为公平锁)
 * Lock不会像synchronized一样,异常的时候自动释放锁,所以最佳实践是,finally中释放锁,以便保证发生异常的时候锁一定被释放
 * 关于synchronized与ReentrantLock对比和选择,在java并发编程与实战的书上是解释得很清楚了,当然也可以参考网上相关博客
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/11/14
 */
public class ReentrantLockTest {
    private static Lock lock = new java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock();
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("先获取锁");
        //锁【lock.lock】必须紧跟try代码块,且unlock要放到finally第一行。
        lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行任务(这里是业务代码)");
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
            System.out.println("要记得在 try的 finally 里面显示的释放锁哦");
        }
    }
}

演示锁-ReentrantLock调用tryLock()方法来避免死锁示例代码

package com.example.java.base.concurrency.lock.lock;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * ReentrantLockTryLockTest:
 * 用tryLock来避免死锁
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/11/14
 */
public class ReentrantLockTryLockTest implements Runnable {

    /**
     * 标记位
     */
    int flag = 1;
    static Lock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
    static Lock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLockTryLockTest r1 = new ReentrantLockTryLockTest();
        ReentrantLockTryLockTest r2 = new ReentrantLockTryLockTest();
        r1.flag = 1;
        r1.flag = 0;
        //不要显式创建线程,请使用线程池。(演示图个方便)
        new Thread(r1).start();
        new Thread(r2).start();

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            if (flag == 1) {
                try {
                    if (lock1.tryLock(800, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                        try {
                            System.out.println("线程1获取到了锁1");
                            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
                            if (lock2.tryLock(800, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                                try {
                                    System.out.println("线程1获取到了锁2");
                                    System.out.println("线程1成功获取到了两把锁");
                                    break;
                                } finally {
                                    lock2.unlock();
                                    System.out.println("---lock2.unlock()---");
                                }
                            } else {
                                System.out.println("线程1获取锁2失败,已重试");
                            }
                        } finally {
                            lock1.unlock();
                            System.out.println("---lock1.unlock()---");
                            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
                        }
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("线程1获取锁1失败,已重试");
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (flag == 0) {
                try {
                    if (lock2.tryLock(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                        try {
                            System.out.println("线程2获取到了锁2");
                            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
                            if (lock1.tryLock(800, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                                try {
                                    System.out.println("线程2获取到了锁1");
                                    System.out.println("线程2成功获取到了两把锁");
                                    break;
                                } finally {
                                    lock1.unlock();
                                    System.out.println("---lock1.unlock()---");
                                }
                            } else {
                                System.out.println("线程2获取锁1失败,已重试");
                            }
                        } finally {
                            lock2.unlock();
                            System.out.println("---lock2.unlock()---");
                            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
                        }
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("线程2获取锁2失败,已重试");
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

 

演示锁-ReentrantLock调用lockInterruptibly()方法

package com.zhang.myjuc.a3.lock.lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * ReentrantLockInterruptiblyDemo:可中断锁
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/8/16
 */
public class ReentrantLockInterruptiblyDemo implements Runnable {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLockInterruptiblyDemo lockInterruptibly = new ReentrantLockInterruptiblyDemo();
        Thread thread0 = new Thread(lockInterruptibly);
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(lockInterruptibly);
        thread0.start();
        thread1.start();

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        thread1.interrupt();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "尝试获取锁");
        try {
            lock.lockInterruptibly();
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取到了锁");
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "睡眠期间被中断了");
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放了锁");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获得锁期间被中断了");
        }
    }
}

ReentrantLock 可重入锁-应用场景(订电影票)

package com.zhang.myjuc.a3.lock.reentrantlock;

import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * CinemaBookSeat:演示多线程预定电影票
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/08/16
 */
public class CinemaBookSeat implements Runnable{
    private static ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
    private static void bookSeat(){

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        //这里显示的创建可以更加熟悉线程池的参数,最重要的是那个队列长度(默认是整形类最大值,搞不好容易OOM),
        // 符合阿里规范,表示这里有4个核心线程,如果不够用就增加至8个,存货时间是60秒,之后不用 就回收,节省资源
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(4,
                8, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5));
        //这里模拟多个线程订票
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            service.submit(new CinemaBookSeat());
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println("用户"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 开始预定座位,为你锁定座位3秒钟,如果不买自动释放");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("用户"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 买票订座完成");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

 ReentrantLock  可重入锁-演示公平和非公平的情况

package com.zhang.myjuc.a3.lock.reentrantlock;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * FairLock:演示公平和不公平两种情况  注意构造函数和结果的对比,,主要注意0线程持有锁后是立即执行还是在队列后执行
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/8/17
 */
public class FairLock {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PrintQueue printQueue = new PrintQueue();
        Thread thread[] = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            thread[i] = new Thread(new Job(printQueue));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            thread[i].start();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

class Job implements Runnable {

    PrintQueue printQueue;

    public Job(PrintQueue printQueue) {
        this.printQueue = printQueue;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "排队中...");
        printQueue.printJob(new Object());
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "打印完毕---ok");
    }
}

class PrintQueue {

    private Lock queueLock = new ReentrantLock(false);

    public void printJob(Object document) {
        queueLock.lock();
        try {
            int duration = new Random().nextInt(5) + 1;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "第一份-----正在打印,需要" + duration + "秒");
            Thread.sleep(duration * 1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            queueLock.unlock();
        }

        queueLock.lock();
        try {
            int duration = new Random().nextInt(5) + 1;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "第二份-----正在打印,需要" + duration + "秒");
            Thread.sleep(duration * 1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            queueLock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

 上面代码运行结果

ReentrantReadWriteLock 读写锁-演示可以共读,但是不可共写

package com.zhang.myjuc.a3.lock.readwrite;

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

/**
 * CinemaReadWrite:读写锁示例(电影院示例升级)
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/08/16
 */
public class CinemaReadWrite {
    private static ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private static ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();
    private static ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();

    private static void read() {
        //获取读锁
        readLock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 得到了读锁,正在读取");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //释放读锁
            readLock.unlock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 释放了读锁");
        }
    }

    private static void write() {
        //获取写锁
        writeLock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 得到了写锁,正在写入");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //释放写锁
            writeLock.unlock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 释放了写锁");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5,
                5, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5));
        //这里由于要为线程添加名字,所以这么写(和视频不一样)
        executor.submit(new Thread(() -> read(), "Thead1"));
        executor.submit(new Thread(() -> read(), "Thead2"));
        executor.submit(new Thread(() -> write(), "Thead3"));
        executor.submit(new Thread(() -> write(), "Thead4"));
    }
}

 自旋锁 在代码里面体现

package com.zhang.myjuc.a3.lock.spinlock;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

/**
 * SpinLock:自旋锁
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxiang
 * @date 2020/08/16
 */
public class SpinLock {
    /**
     * AtomicReference 可以自动更新的对象引用
     */
    private AtomicReference<Thread> sign = new AtomicReference<>();

    /**
     * 模拟加锁
     */
    public void lock() {
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        //自旋锁这里用到了CAS 如果当前值==预期值,则自动将该值设置为给定的更新值。
        while (!sign.compareAndSet(null, thread)) {
            //放开注释展示消耗过程
            // System.out.println("自旋锁获取失败,再次尝试");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 模拟释放锁
     */
    public void unlock() {
        Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        sign.compareAndSet(currentThread, null);
    }

    //测试方法
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpinLock spinLock = new SpinLock();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始尝试获取自旋锁");
                spinLock.lock();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取到了自旋锁");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(300);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    spinLock.unlock();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 释放了自旋锁");
                }
            }
        };
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

代码运行结果

 锁的降级和非公平和公平的ReentrantReadWriteLock的策略  待补充...

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