(1)str和repr
——一般我们用print打印一个变量时,一般是调用了它的str方法。这里打印实例也是如此,调用了str,所以,我们可通过重写该方法获得我们想到的输入。
——但是如上的重写str只能在print x时有用,如果直接用x,输出的仍然是内存地址之类的,所以有另一个方法,就是repr这个其实是面向开发者的输出。也可以重新定义。
class Person(object):
def __init__(self, name, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
super(Student, self).__init__(name, gender)
self.score = score
def __str__(self):
return '(Student:%s,%s,%s)'%(self.name,self.gender,self.score)
__repr__=__str__
s = Student('Bob', 'male', 88)
print s
(2)排序实现复习,按分数排序,分数相同则按名字
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, name, score):
self.name = name
self.score = score
def __str__(self):
return '(%s: %s)' % (self.name, self.score)
__repr__ = __str__
def __cmp__(self, s):
if self.score==s.score:
return cmp(self.name,s.name)
return -cmp(self.score,s.score)
L = [Student('Tim', 99), Student('Bob', 88), Student('Alice', 99)]
print sorted(L)
#[(Alice: 99), (Tim: 99), (Bob: 88)]
(3)联系str和len特殊方法
class Fib(object):
def __init__(self, num):
self.num=num
a,b,L=0,1,[]
for n in range(num):
L.append(a)
a,b=b,a+b
self.nums=L
def __str__(self):
return str(self.nums)
def __len__(self):
return self.num
f = Fib(10)
print f
print len(f)
(4)实现有理数的加减乘除
class Rational(object):
def __init__(self, p, q):
self.p = p
self.q = q
def __add__(self, r):
return Rational(self.p * r.q + self.q * r.p, self.q * r.q)
def __sub__(self, r):
return Rational(self.p * r.q - self.q * r.p, self.q * r.q)
def __mul__(self, r):
return Rational(self.p * r.p, self.q * r.q)
def __div__(self, r):
return Rational(self.p * r.q, self.q * r.p)
def __str__(self):
return '%s/%s'%(self.p,self.q)
__repr__ = __str__
r1 = Rational(1, 2)
r2 = Rational(1, 4)
print r1 + r2
print r1 - r2
print r1 * r2
print r1 / r2
(5)int和float实现类型转换
class Rational(object):
def __init__(self, p, q):
self.p = p
self.q = q
def __int__(self):
return self.p // self.q
def __float__(self):
return float(self.p)/self.q
print float(Rational(7, 2))
print float(Rational(1, 3))
(6)利用@property可添加一个属性。也可以配套@属性.setter来设置属性值。
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, name, score):
self.name = name
self.__score = score
@property
def score(self):
return self.__score
@score.setter
def score(self, score):
if score < 0 or score > 100:
raise ValueError('invalid score')
self.__score = score
@property
def grade(self):
if self.score>=80:
return 'A'
elif self.score>=60:
return 'B'
else:
return 'C'
s = Student('Bob', 59)
print s.grade
s.score = 60
print s.grade
s.score = 99
print s.grade
(7)slot固定了实例有的属性个数,不能随意添加
class Person(object):
__slots__ = ('name', 'gender')
def __init__(self, name, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
class Student(Person):
__slots__ = ('name','gender','score')
def __init__(self,name,gender,score):
super(Student,self).__init__(name,gender)
self.score=score
s = Student('Bob', 'male', 59)
s.name = 'Tim'
s.score = 99
print s.score
(8)call,重写输出feb数列
class Fib(object):
def __call__(self,n):
a=0
b=1
L=[]
for x in range(n):
L.append(a)
a,b=b,a+b
return L
f = Fib()
print f(10)