处理请求和响应 AFURLSerialization(三)

在前面两个部分已经分析过 AFNetworking 是对 NSURLSession 的封装,也了解了它是如何发出请求的,在这里我们对发出请求以及接收响应的过程进行序列化,这涉及到两个模块

前者是处理响应的模块,将请求返回的数据解析成对应的格式。而后者的主要作用是修改请求(主要是 HTTP 请求)的头部,提供了一些语义明确的接口设置 HTTP 头部字段。

我们首先会对 AFURLResponseSerialization 进行简单的介绍,因为这个模块使用在 AFURLSessionManager 也就是核心类中,而后者 AFURLRequestSerialization 主要用于 AFHTTPSessionManager 中,因为它主要用于修改 HTTP 头部

AFURLResponseSerialization

其实在整个 AFNetworking 项目中并不存在 AFURLResponseSerialization 这个类,这只是一个协议,遵循这个协议的类会将数据解码成更有意义的表现形式

协议的内容也非常简单,只有一个必须实现的方法。

Objective-C
@protocol AFURLResponseSerialization <NSObject, NSSecureCoding, NSCopying>

- (nullable id)responseObjectForResponse:(nullable NSURLResponse *)response
                           data:(nullable NSData *)data
                          error:(NSError * _Nullable __autoreleasing *)error NS_SWIFT_NOTHROW;

@end

遵循这个协议的类同时也要遵循 NSObject、NSSecureCoding 和 NSCopying 这三个协议,实现安全编码、拷贝以及 Objective-C 对象的基本行为。

仅看 AFURLResponseSerialization 协议对类的要求还是十分的简单,返回对特定响应的数据解码后的对象.

在具体了解模块中类的实现之前,先看一下这个小模块的结构:

AFURLResponseSerialization

  • 模块中的所有类都遵循 AFURLResponseSerialization 协议
  • AFHTTPResponseSerializer 为模块中最终要的根类

AFHTTPResponseSerializer

下面我们对模块中最重要的根类的实现进行分析,也就是 AFHTTPResponseSerializer。它是在 AFURLResponseSerialization 模块中最基本的类(因为 AFURLResponseSerialization 只是一个协议)

初始化

首先是这个类的实例化方法:

Objective-C
+ (instancetype)serializer {
    return [[self alloc] init];
}

- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.stringEncoding = NSUTF8StringEncoding;

    self.acceptableStatusCodes = [NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndexesInRange:NSMakeRange(200, 100)];
    self.acceptableContentTypes = nil;

    return self;
}

因为是对 HTTP 响应进行序列化,所以这里设置了 stringEncoding 为 NSUTF8StringEncoding 而且没有对接收的内容类型加以限制。

将 acceptableStatusCodes 设置为从 200 到 299 之间的状态码, 因为只有这些状态码表示获得了有效的响应

验证响应的有效性

AFHTTPResponseSerializer 中方法的实现最长,并且最重要的就是 - [AFHTTPResponseSerializer validateResponse:data:error:]

Objective-C
- (BOOL)validateResponse:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response
                    data:(NSData *)data
                   error:(NSError * __autoreleasing *)error
{
    BOOL responseIsValid = YES;
    NSError *validationError = nil;

    if (response && [response isKindOfClass:[NSHTTPURLResponse class]]) {
        if (self.acceptableContentTypes && ![self.acceptableContentTypes containsObject:[response MIMEType]]) {
            #1: 返回内容类型无效
        }

        if (self.acceptableStatusCodes && ![self.acceptableStatusCodes containsIndex:(NSUInteger)response.statusCode] && [response URL]) {
            #2: 返回状态码无效
        }
    }

    if (error && !responseIsValid) {
        *error = validationError;
    }

    return responseIsValid;
}

这个方法根据在初始化方法中初始化的属性 acceptableContentTypes 和 acceptableStatusCodes 来判断当前响应是否有效。

Objective-C
if ([data length] > 0 && [response URL]) {  
    NSMutableDictionary *mutableUserInfo = [@{
                                              NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: [NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"Request failed: unacceptable content-type: %@", @"AFNetworking", nil), [response MIMEType]],
                                              NSURLErrorFailingURLErrorKey:[response URL],
                                              AFNetworkingOperationFailingURLResponseErrorKey: response,
                                            } mutableCopy];
    if (data) {
        mutableUserInfo[AFNetworkingOperationFailingURLResponseDataErrorKey] = data;
    }

    validationError = AFErrorWithUnderlyingError([NSError errorWithDomain:AFURLResponseSerializationErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorCannotDecodeContentData userInfo:mutableUserInfo], validationError);
}

responseIsValid = NO;  

其中第一、二部分的代码非常相似,出现错误时通过 AFErrorWithUnderlyingError 生成格式化之后的错误,最后设置 responseIsValid

Objective-C
NSMutableDictionary *mutableUserInfo = [@{  
                                   NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: [NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"Request failed: %@ (%ld)", @"AFNetworking", nil), [NSHTTPURLResponse localizedStringForStatusCode:response.statusCode], (long)response.statusCode],
                                   NSURLErrorFailingURLErrorKey:[response URL],
                                   AFNetworkingOperationFailingURLResponseErrorKey: response,
                           } mutableCopy];

if (data) {  
    mutableUserInfo[AFNetworkingOperationFailingURLResponseDataErrorKey] = data;
}

validationError = AFErrorWithUnderlyingError([NSError errorWithDomain:AFURLResponseSerializationErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorBadServerResponse userInfo:mutableUserInfo], validationError);

responseIsValid = NO;  

第二部分的代码就不说了,实现上都是差不多的。

协议的实现

首先是对 AFURLResponseSerialization 协议的实现

Objective-C
- (id)responseObjectForResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
                           data:(NSData *)data
                          error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    [self validateResponse:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response data:data error:error];

    return data;
}

调用上面的方法对响应进行验证,然后返回数据,实在是没什么难度。

之后对 NSSecureCoding 还有 NSCopying 协议的实现也都是大同小异,跟我们实现这些协议没什么区别,更没什么值得看的地方。

AFJSONResponseSerializer

接下来,看一下 AFJSONResponseSerializer 这个继承自 AFHTTPResponseSerializer 类的实现。

初始化方法只是在调用父类的初始化方法之后更新了 acceptableContentTypes 属性:

Objective-C
- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript", nil];

    return self;
}
协议的实现

这个类中与父类差别最大的就是对 AFURLResponseSerialization 协议的实现。

Objective-C
- (id)responseObjectForResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
                           data:(NSData *)data
                          error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    #1: 验证请求

    #2: 解决一个由只包含一个空格的响应引起的 bug, 略

    #3: 序列化 JSON

    #4: 移除 JSON 中的 null

    if (error) {
        *error = AFErrorWithUnderlyingError(serializationError, *error);
    }

    return responseObject;
}
  1. 验证请求的有效性

    NSStringEncoding stringEncoding = self.stringEncoding;
    if (response.textEncodingName) {
        CFStringEncoding encoding = CFStringConvertIANACharSetNameToEncoding((CFStringRef)response.textEncodingName);
        if (encoding != kCFStringEncodingInvalidId) {
            stringEncoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(encoding);
        }
    }
    
  2. 解决一个空格引起的 bug

  3. 序列化 JSON

    id responseObject = nil;
    NSError *serializationError = nil;
    @autoreleasepool {
        NSString *responseString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:stringEncoding];
        if (responseString && ![responseString isEqualToString:@" "]) {
            // Workaround for a bug in NSJSONSerialization when Unicode character escape codes are used instead of the actual character
            // See http://stackoverflow.com/a/12843465/157142
            data = [responseString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    
    
    
        if (data) {
            if ([data length] &gt; 0) {
                responseObject = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:self.readingOptions error:&amp;serializationError];
            } else {
                return nil;
            }
        } else {
            NSDictionary *userInfo = @{
                                       NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"Data failed decoding as a UTF-8 string", @"AFNetworking", nil),
                                       NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey: [NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"Could not decode string: %@", @"AFNetworking", nil), responseString]
                                       };
    
    
            serializationError = [NSError errorWithDomain:AFURLResponseSerializationErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorCannotDecodeContentData userInfo:userInfo];
        }
    }
    
    }
  4. 移除 JSON 中的 null

    if (self.removesKeysWithNullValues && responseObject) {
        responseObject = AFJSONObjectByRemovingKeysWithNullValues(responseObject, self.readingOptions);
    }
    

其中移除 JSON 中 null 的函数 AFJSONObjectByRemovingKeysWithNullValues 是一个递归调用的函数:

Objective-C
static id AFJSONObjectByRemovingKeysWithNullValues(id JSONObject, NSJSONReadingOptions readingOptions) {  
    if ([JSONObject isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
        NSMutableArray *mutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:[(NSArray *)JSONObject count]];
        for (id value in (NSArray *)JSONObject) {
            [mutableArray addObject:AFJSONObjectByRemovingKeysWithNullValues(value, readingOptions)];
        }

        return (readingOptions & NSJSONReadingMutableContainers) ? mutableArray : [NSArray arrayWithArray:mutableArray];
    } else if ([JSONObject isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
        NSMutableDictionary *mutableDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:JSONObject];
        for (id <NSCopying> key in [(NSDictionary *)JSONObject allKeys]) {
            id value = (NSDictionary *)JSONObject[key];
            if (!value || [value isEqual:[NSNull null]]) {
                [mutableDictionary removeObjectForKey:key];
            } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]] || [value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
                mutableDictionary[key] = AFJSONObjectByRemovingKeysWithNullValues(value, readingOptions);
            }
        }

        return (readingOptions & NSJSONReadingMutableContainers) ? mutableDictionary : [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:mutableDictionary];
    }

    return JSONObject;
}

其中移除 null 靠的就是 [mutableDictionary removeObjectForKey:key] 这一行代码。

AFURLRequestSerialization

AFURLRequestSerialization 的主要工作是对发出的 HTTP 请求进行处理,它有几部分的工作需要完成。

而这个文件中的大部分类都是为 AFHTTPRequestSerializer 服务的:

  1. 处理查询的 URL 参数 
  2. 设置 HTTP 头部字段 
  3. 设置请求的属性 
  4. 分块上传

这篇文章不会对其中涉及分块上传的部分进行分析,因为其中涉及到了多个类的功能,比较复杂,如果有兴趣可以研究一下。

处理查询参数

处理查询参数这部分主要是通过 AFQueryStringPair 还有一些 C 函数来完成的,这个类有两个属性 field 和 value对应 HTTP 请求的查询 URL 中的参数。

Objective-C
@interface AFQueryStringPair : NSObject
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) id field;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) id value;

- (instancetype)initWithField:(id)field value:(id)value;

- (NSString *)URLEncodedStringValue;
@end

初始化方法也不必多看,其中的 - [AFQueryStringPair URLEncodedStringValue] 方法会返回 key=value 这种格式,同时使用 AFPercentEscapedStringFromString 函数来对 field 和 value 进行处理,将其中的 :#[]@!$&'()*+,;= 等字符转换为百分号表示的形式。

这一部分代码还负责返回查询参数,将 AFQueryStringPair 或者 key value 转换为以下这种形式:

username=dravenss&password=123456&hello[world]=helloworld  

它的实现主要依赖于一个递归函数 AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue,如果当前的 value 是一个集合类型的话,那么它就会不断地递归调用自己。

Objective-C
NSArray * AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(NSString *key, id value) {  
    NSMutableArray *mutableQueryStringComponents = [NSMutableArray array];

    NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"description" ascending:YES selector:@selector(compare:)];

    if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
        NSDictionary *dictionary = value;
        // Sort dictionary keys to ensure consistent ordering in query string, which is important when deserializing potentially ambiguous sequences, such as an array of dictionaries
        for (id nestedKey in [dictionary.allKeys sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[ sortDescriptor ]]) {
            id nestedValue = dictionary[nestedKey];
            if (nestedValue) {
                [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue((key ? [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@[%@]", key, nestedKey] : nestedKey), nestedValue)];
            }
        }
    } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
        NSArray *array = value;
        for (id nestedValue in array) {
            [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@[]", key], nestedValue)];
        }
    } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSSet class]]) {
        NSSet *set = value;
        for (id obj in [set sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[ sortDescriptor ]]) {
            [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(key, obj)];
        }
    } else {
        [mutableQueryStringComponents addObject:[[AFQueryStringPair alloc] initWithField:key value:value]];
    }

    return mutableQueryStringComponents;
}

最后返回一个数组

Objective-C
[
    username=draveness,
    password=123456,
    hello[world]=helloworld
]

得到这个数组之后就会调用 AFQueryStringFromParameters 使用 & 来拼接它们。

Objective-C
static NSString * AFQueryStringFromParameters(NSDictionary *parameters) {  
    NSMutableArray *mutablePairs = [NSMutableArray array];
    for (AFQueryStringPair *pair in AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary(parameters)) {
        [mutablePairs addObject:[pair URLEncodedStringValue]];
    }

    return [mutablePairs componentsJoinedByString:@"&"];
}

设置 HTTP 头部字段

AFHTTPRequestSerializer 在头文件中提供了一些属性方便我们设置 HTTP 头部字段。同时,在类的内部,它提供了 - [AFHTTPRequestSerializer setValue:forHTTPHeaderField:] 方法来设置 HTTP 头部,其实它的实现都是基于一个名为 mutableHTTPRequestHeaders 的属性的:

Objective-C
- (void)setValue:(NSString *)value
forHTTPHeaderField:(NSString *)field  
{
    [self.mutableHTTPRequestHeaders setValue:value forKey:field];
}

- (NSString *)valueForHTTPHeaderField:(NSString *)field {
    return [self.mutableHTTPRequestHeaders valueForKey:field];
}

在设置 HTTP 头部字段时,都会存储到这个可变字典中。而当真正使用时,会用 HTTPRequestHeaders 这个方法,来获取对应版本的不可变字典。

Objective-C
- (NSDictionary *)HTTPRequestHeaders {
    return [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:self.mutableHTTPRequestHeaders];
}

到了这里,可以来分析一下,这个类是如何设置一些我们平时常用的头部字段的。首先是 User-Agent,在 AFHTTPRequestSerializer 刚刚初始化时,就会根据当前编译的平台生成一个 userAgent 字符串:

Objective-C
userAgent = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@ (%@; iOS %@; Scale/%0.2f)", [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleExecutableKey] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleIdentifierKey], [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][@"CFBundleShortVersionString"] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleVersionKey], [[UIDevice currentDevice] model], [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion], [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale]];

[self setValue:userAgent forHTTPHeaderField:@"User-Agent"];

设置验证字段时,可以使用 - [AFHTTPRequestSerializer setAuthorizationHeaderFieldWithUsername:password:] 方法

Objective-C
- (void)setAuthorizationHeaderFieldWithUsername:(NSString *)username
                                       password:(NSString *)password
{
    NSData *basicAuthCredentials = [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@", username, password] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSString *base64AuthCredentials = [basicAuthCredentials base64EncodedStringWithOptions:(NSDataBase64EncodingOptions)0];
    [self setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Basic %@", base64AuthCredentials] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Authorization"];
}

设置请求的属性

还有一写 NSURLRequest 的属性是通过另一种方式来设置的,AFNetworking 为这些功能提供了接口

Objective-C
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL allowsCellularAccess;

@property (nonatomic, assign) NSURLRequestCachePolicy cachePolicy;

@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL HTTPShouldHandleCookies;

@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL HTTPShouldUsePipelining;

@property (nonatomic, assign) NSURLRequestNetworkServiceType networkServiceType;

@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimeInterval timeoutInterval;

它们都会通过 AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths 的调用而返回。

Objective-C
static NSArray * AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths() {  
    static NSArray *_AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths = nil;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        _AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths = @[NSStringFromSelector(@selector(allowsCellularAccess)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(cachePolicy)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(HTTPShouldHandleCookies)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(HTTPShouldUsePipelining)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(networkServiceType)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(timeoutInterval))];
    });

    return _AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths;
}

在这些属性被设置时,会触发 KVO,然后将新的属性存储在一个名为 mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths 的字典中:

Objective-C
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(__unused id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context
{
    if (context == AFHTTPRequestSerializerObserverContext) {
        if ([change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey] isEqual:[NSNull null]]) {
            [self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths removeObject:keyPath];
        } else {
            [self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths addObject:keyPath];
        }
    }
}

然后会在生成 NSURLRequest 的时候设置这些属性。

Objective-C
NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];  
mutableRequest.HTTPMethod = method;

for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {  
    if ([self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths containsObject:keyPath]) {
        [mutableRequest setValue:[self valueForKeyPath:keyPath] forKey:keyPath];
    }
}

关于这个方法的的具体实现会在下一节中介绍。

工作流程

AFHTTPRequestSerializer 会在 AHHTTPSessionManager 初始化时一并初始化,这时它会根据当前系统环境预设置一些 HTTP 头部字段 Accept-Language User-Agent

Objective-C
- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.stringEncoding = NSUTF8StringEncoding;

    self.mutableHTTPRequestHeaders = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];


    #1: 设置接收语言,用户代理,略

    // HTTP Method Definitions; see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
    self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"GET", @"HEAD", @"DELETE", nil];

    self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths = [NSMutableSet set];
    for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {
        if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(keyPath)]) {
            [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:keyPath options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:AFHTTPRequestSerializerObserverContext];
        }
    }

    return self;
}

同时它还对一些属性进行 KVO,确保它们在改变后更新 NSMutableURLRequest 中对应的属性。

在初始化之后,如果调用了 - [AFHTTPSessionManager dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:URLString:parameters:uploadProgress:downloadProgress:success:failure:],就会进入 AFHTTPRequestSerializer 的这一方法:

Objective-C
- (NSMutableURLRequest *)requestWithMethod:(NSString *)method
                                 URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                parameters:(id)parameters
                                     error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    NSParameterAssert(method);
    NSParameterAssert(URLString);

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:URLString];

    NSParameterAssert(url);

    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
    mutableRequest.HTTPMethod = method;

    for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {
        if ([self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths containsObject:keyPath]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:[self valueForKeyPath:keyPath] forKey:keyPath];
        }
    }

    mutableRequest = [[self requestBySerializingRequest:mutableRequest withParameters:parameters error:error] mutableCopy];

    return mutableRequest;
}
  1. 对参数进行检查 
  2. 设置 HTTP 方法

    objectivecmutableRequest.HTTPMethod = method;

  3. 通过 mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths 字典设置 NSMutableURLRequest 的属性

    objectivecfor (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) { if ([self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths containsObject:keyPath]) { [mutableRequest setValue:[self valueForKeyPath:keyPath] forKey:keyPath]; }}

  4. 调用 - [AFHTTPRequestSerializer requestBySerializingRequest:withParameters:error:] 设置 HTTP 头部字段和查询参数

- [AFHTTPRequestSerializer requestBySerializingRequest:withParameters:error:] 方法主要做了两件事情

Objective-C
- (NSURLRequest *)requestBySerializingRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                               withParameters:(id)parameters
                                        error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    NSParameterAssert(request);

    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [request mutableCopy];

    [self.HTTPRequestHeaders enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id field, id value, BOOL * __unused stop) {
        if (![request valueForHTTPHeaderField:field]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:value forHTTPHeaderField:field];
        }
    }];

    NSString *query = nil;
    if (parameters) {
        if (self.queryStringSerialization) {
            NSError *serializationError;
            query = self.queryStringSerialization(request, parameters, &serializationError);

            if (serializationError) {
                if (error) {
                    *error = serializationError;
                }

                return nil;
            }
        } else {
            switch (self.queryStringSerializationStyle) {
                case AFHTTPRequestQueryStringDefaultStyle:
                    query = AFQueryStringFromParameters(parameters);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    if ([self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI containsObject:[[request HTTPMethod] uppercaseString]]) {
        if (query) {
            mutableRequest.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:[[mutableRequest.URL absoluteString] stringByAppendingFormat:mutableRequest.URL.query ? @"&%@" : @"?%@", query]];
        }
    } else {
        // #2864: an empty string is a valid x-www-form-urlencoded payload
        if (!query) {
            query = @"";
        }
        if (![mutableRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
        }
        [mutableRequest setHTTPBody:[query dataUsingEncoding:self.stringEncoding]];
    }

    return mutableRequest;
}
  1. 通过 HTTPRequestHeaders 字典设置头部字段

    objectivec[self.HTTPRequestHeaders enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id field, id value, BOOL * __unused stop) { if (![request valueForHTTPHeaderField:field]) { [mutableRequest setValue:value forHTTPHeaderField:field]; }}];

  2. 调用 AFQueryStringFromParameters 将参数转换为查询参数

    objectivecquery = AFQueryStringFromParameters(parameters);

  3. 将 parameters 添加到 URL 或者 HTTP body 中

    objectivecif ([self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI containsObject:[[request HTTPMethod] uppercaseString]]) { if (query) { mutableRequest.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:[[mutableRequest.URL absoluteString] stringByAppendingFormat:mutableRequest.URL.query ? @"&%@" : @"?%@", query]]; }} else { // #2864: an empty string is a valid x-www-form-urlencoded payload if (!query) { query = @""; } if (![mutableRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]) { [mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; } [mutableRequest setHTTPBody:[query dataUsingEncoding:self.stringEncoding]];}

    • 如果 HTTP 方法为 GET HEAD 或者 DELETE,也就是在初始化方法中设置的,那么参数会追加到 URL 后面。否则会被放入 HTTP body 中。
  4. 最后这个方法会返回一个 NSMutableURLRequest

小结

  1. AFURLResponseSerialization 负责对返回的数据进行序列化 
  2. AFURLRequestSerialization 负责生成 NSMutableURLRequest,为请求设置 HTTP 头部,管理发出的请求

  3. AFNetworking 概述(一)

  4. AFNetworking 的核心 AFURLSessionManager(二)
  5. 处理请求和响应 AFURLSerialization(三)
  6. AFNetworkReachabilityManager 监控网络状态(四)
  7. 验证 HTTPS 请求的证书(五)
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