ruby on rails 代码技巧

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-13 16:32:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-13 16:32:53 发布

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git仓库输出

git archive --format=tar --prefix=actasfavor/ HEAD | (cd /home/holin/work/ && tar xf -)

输出到/home/holin/work/actasfavor/目录下

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Posted by holin At May 16, 2008 16:42

加载plugins中的controller和model

# Include hook code here
require 'act_as_favor'    

# make plugin controller, model, helper available to app
config.load_paths += %W(#{ActAsFavor::PLUGIN_CONTROLLER_PATH} #{ActAsFavor::PLUGIN_HELPER_PATH} #{ActAsFavor::PLUGIN_MODELS_PATH})
  
Rails::Initializer.run(:set_load_path, config) 

# require the controller
require 'favors_controller'

# require models
require 'favor'

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Posted by holin At May 15, 2008 15:36

使用最频繁的前5个命令

history | awk {'print $2'} | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1 -rn| head -n5

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Posted by holin At May 15, 2008 10:40

按数组元素的某属性排序

@users.sort!{|a, b| a.last <=> b.last }

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Posted by holin At May 11, 2008 14:35

按日期备份数据库

mysqldump db_name -uroot > "/root/db_backup/kaoshi_web_`date +"%Y-%m-%d"`.sql"

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Posted by holin At May 08, 2008 12:05

用memcached手动cache数据

sql = "SELECT * FROM blogs LIMIT 100"
Blog.class
k = MD5.new(sql)
@blogs = Cache.get k
if @blogs.blank?
  @blogs = Blog.find_by_sql(sql)
  Cache.put k, @blogs, 60*30 #expire after 30min
end

memcache-client 1.5.0:

get(key, expiry = 0)

put(key, value, expiry = 0)

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Posted by devon At May 04, 2008 20:39

shuffle an array

class Array
  def shuffle
    sort_by { rand }
  end
  def shuffle!
    self.replace shuffle
  end
end

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Posted by holin At May 04, 2008 15:39

让所有的ajax请求都不render :layout

1234	def render(*args) args.first[:layout] = false if request.xhr? and args.first[:layout].nil? superend

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Posted by devon At May 03, 2008 10:53

Find with Hash

Event.find(
  :all,
  :conditions => [ "title like :search or description like :search",
                   {:search => "%Tiki%"}]
)

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Posted by devon At May 03, 2008 10:49

执行sql语句脚本

mysql -uroot -p123<<END
use dbame;
delete from results;
delete from examings;
quit
END

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Posted by holin At May 01, 2008 12:14

SQL Transaction in Rails

def fetch_value
        sql = ActiveRecord::Base.connection();
        sql.execute "SET autocommit=0";
        sql.begin_db_transaction
        id, value =
        sql.execute("SELECT id, value FROM sometable WHERE used=0 LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE").fetch_row;
        sql.update "UPDATE sometable SET used=1 WHERE id=#{id}";
        sql.commit_db_transaction
        value;
end

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Posted by holin At April 30, 2008 09:37

显示 Flash 消息的动态效果

<% if flash[:warning] or flash[:notice] %>
  <div id="notice" <% if flash[:warning] %>class="warning"<% end %>>
    <%= flash[:warning] || flash[:notice] %>
  </div>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    setTimeout("new Effect.Fade('notice');", 15000)
  </script>
<% end %>

15000 毫秒后自动 notice Div 自动消失。

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Posted by devon At April 29, 2008 13:02

删除环境中的常量

Object.send(:remove_const, :A) 

>> Math
=> Math
>> Object.send(:remove_const, :Math)
=> Math
>> Math
NameError: uninitialized constant Math

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Posted by devon At April 28, 2008 18:24

手动加上 authenticity_token

<div style="margin:0;padding:0"><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="<%= form_authenticity_token %>" /></div>

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Posted by devon At April 28, 2008 14:24

Rails group_by

<% @articles.group_by(&:day).each do |day, articles| %>
  <div id='day' style="padding: 10px 0;">
    <h2><%= day.to_date.strftime('%y年%m月%d日') %></h2>
    <%= render :partial => 'article', :collection => articles %>
  </div>
<% end %>

articles 按天数分组

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Posted by devon At April 25, 2008 22:32

读写文件

# Open and read from a text file   
# Note that since a block is given, file will   
# automatically be closed when the block terminates   
File.open('p014constructs.rb', 'r') do |f1|   
  while line = f1.gets   
    puts line   
  end   
end   
# Create a new file and write to it   
File.open('test.rb', 'w') do |f2|   
  # use "/n" for two lines of text   
  f2.puts "Created by Satish/nThank God!"   
end

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Posted by holin At April 17, 2008 02:10

遍历目录

Dir.glob(File.join('app/controllers', "**", "*_controller.rb")) { |filename| puts filename }

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Posted by holin At April 16, 2008 15:28

字符串到 model

12	>> 'tag_course'.camelize.constantize.find(:first)=> #<TagCourse id: 7, tag_id: 83, course_id: 2>

*camelize(lower_case_and_underscored_word, first_letter_in_uppercase = true)*

By default, camelize converts strings to UpperCamelCase. If the argument to camelize is set to ":lower" then camelize produces lowerCamelCase.

*constantize(camel_cased_word)*

Constantize tries to find a declared constant with the name specified in the string. It raises a NameError when the name is not in CamelCase or is not initialized.

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Posted by devon At April 07, 2008 17:32

调用Proc

123	a = Proc.new { \|i\| puts i }a['haha']a.call('hehe')

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Posted by holin At March 28, 2008 23:10

Rails中Host静态文件

12	config.action_controller.asset_host = "http://assets.example.com"config.action_controller.asset_host = "http://assets-%d.example.com"

The Rails image_path and similar helper methods will then use that host to reference files in the public directory.

The second line will distribute asset requests across assets-0.example.com,assets-1.example.com, assets-2.example.com, and assets-3.example.com.

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Posted by devon At March 26, 2008 18:18

打包gems到项目目录中

$ mkdir vendor/gems 
$ cd vendor/gems 
$ gem unpack hpricot 
Unpacked gem: 'hpricot-0.4' 
config.load_paths += Dir["#{RAILS_ROOT}/vendor/gems/**"].map do |dir| 
  File.directory?(lib = "#{dir}/lib") ? lib : dir 
end

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Posted by devon At March 26, 2008 18:12

在当前上下文中执行文件中的代码

instance_eval(File.read('param.txt'))
# such as
@father = 'Father'
instance_eval("puts @father")
#Produces: 
#Father

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Posted by holin At March 20, 2008 01:13

将当前文件所在目录加入require路径

$LOAD_PATH << File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
# or
$: << File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
# this one puts current path before the other path.
$:.unshift(  File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)) )

*__ FILE __* 当前文件路径

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Posted by holin At March 19, 2008 01:40

多字段模糊搜索

1
2
3

conditions = []
[:name, :school, :province, :city].each { |attr| conditions << Profile.send(:sanitize_sql, ["#{attr} LIKE ?", "%#{params[:q]}%"]) if params[:q] }
conditions = conditions.any? ? conditions.collect { |c| "(#{c})" }.join(' OR ') : nil

在profile表里，按name, school, province, city模糊搜索

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Posted by devon At March 17, 2008 17:25

nginx 启动脚本

#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: - 58 74
# description: nginx is the Nginx daemon. 
# Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro.
#
# Author:  Ryan Norbauer
# Modified:     Geoffrey Grosenbach http://topfunky.com
# Modified:     David Krmpotic http://davidhq.com 
set -e 
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="nginx daemon"
NAME=nginx
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
PIDFILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME 
# Gracefully exit if the package has been removed.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0 
d_start() {
  $DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -en "/n already running"
} 
d_stop() {
  kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -en "/n not running"
} 
d_reload() {
  kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -en "/n can't reload"
} 
case "$1" in
  start)
    echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
    d_start
        echo "."
  ;;
  stop)
    echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
    d_stop
        echo "."
  ;;
  reload)
    echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."
    d_reload
        echo "."
  ;;
  restart)
    echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
    d_stop
    # One second might not be time enough for a daemon to stop,
    # if this happens, d_start will fail (and dpkg will break if
    # the package is being upgraded). Change the timeout if needed
    # be, or change d_stop to have start-stop-daemon use --retry.
    # Notice that using --retry slows down the shutdown process
    # somewhat.
    sleep 1
    d_start
    echo "."
  ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
    exit 3
  ;;
esac 
exit 0

将文件写入到 /etc/init.d/nginx
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

测试是否可正确运行
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

设置自动启动
sudo /sbin/chkconfig --level 345 nginx on

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Posted by devon At March 16, 2008 12:26

link_to_remote 取静态页面

12	<%= link_to_remote "update post", :update => 'post', :method => 'get', :url => '/post_1.html' %> <div id='post'></div>

将 url 改为静态面页的地址即可。

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Posted by devon At March 16, 2008 11:07

in_place_editor for rails2.0

module InPlaceMacrosHelper
  # Makes an HTML element specified by the DOM ID +field_id+ become an in-place
  # editor of a property.
  #
  # A form is automatically created and displayed when the user clicks the element,
  # something like this:
  #   <form id="myElement-in-place-edit-form" target="specified url">
  #     <input name="value" text="The content of myElement"/>
  #     <input type="submit" value="ok"/>
  #     <a οnclick="javascript to cancel the editing">cancel</a>
  #   </form>
  # 
  # The form is serialized and sent to the server using an AJAX call, the action on
  # the server should process the value and return the updated value in the body of
  # the reponse. The element will automatically be updated with the changed value
  # (as returned from the server).
  # 
  # Required +options+ are:
  # <tt>:url</tt>::       Specifies the url where the updated value should
  #                       be sent after the user presses "ok".
  # 
  # Addtional +options+ are:
  # <tt>:rows</tt>::              Number of rows (more than 1 will use a TEXTAREA)
  # <tt>:cols</tt>::              Number of characters the text input should span (works for both INPUT and TEXTAREA)
  # <tt>:size</tt>::              Synonym for :cols when using a single line text input.
  # <tt>:cancel_text</tt>::       The text on the cancel link. (default: "cancel")
  # <tt>:save_text</tt>::         The text on the save link. (default: "ok")
  # <tt>:loading_text</tt>::      The text to display while the data is being loaded from the server (default: "Loading...")
  # <tt>:saving_text</tt>::       The text to display when submitting to the server (default: "Saving...")
  # <tt>:external_control</tt>::  The id of an external control used to enter edit mode.
  # <tt>:load_text_url</tt>::     URL where initial value of editor (content) is retrieved.
  # <tt>:options</tt>::           Pass through options to the AJAX call (see prototype's Ajax.Updater)
  # <tt>:with</tt>::              JavaScript snippet that should return what is to be sent
  #                               in the AJAX call, +form+ is an implicit parameter
  # <tt>:script</tt>::            Instructs the in-place editor to evaluate the remote JavaScript response (default: false)
  # <tt>:click_to_edit_text</tt>::The text shown during mouseover the editable text (default: "Click to edit")
  def in_place_editor(field_id, options = {})
    function =  "new Ajax.InPlaceEditor("
    function << "'#{field_id}', "
    function << "'#{url_for(options[:url])}'"
    js_options = {}
    if protect_against_forgery? 
      options[:with] ||= "Form.serialize(form)" 
      options[:with] += " + '&authenticity_token=' + encodeURIComponent('#{form_authenticity_token}')" 
    end
    js_options['cancelText'] = %('#{options[:cancel_text]}') if options[:cancel_text]
    js_options['okText'] = %('#{options[:save_text]}') if options[:save_text]
    js_options['loadingText'] = %('#{options[:loading_text]}') if options[:loading_text]
    js_options['savingText'] = %('#{options[:saving_text]}') if options[:saving_text]
    js_options['rows'] = options[:rows] if options[:rows]
    js_options['cols'] = options[:cols] if options[:cols]
    js_options['size'] = options[:size] if options[:size]
    js_options['externalControl'] = "'#{options[:external_control]}'" if options[:external_control]
    js_options['loadTextURL'] = "'#{url_for(options[:load_text_url])}'" if options[:load_text_url]        
    js_options['ajaxOptions'] = options[:options] if options[:options]
    # js_options['evalScripts'] = options[:script] if options[:script]
    js_options['htmlResponse'] = !options[:script] if options[:script]
    js_options['callback']   = "function(form) { return #{options[:with]} }" if options[:with]
    js_options['clickToEditText'] = %('#{options[:click_to_edit_text]}') if options[:click_to_edit_text]
    js_options['textBetweenControls'] = %('#{options[:text_between_controls]}') if options[:text_between_controls]
    function << (', ' + options_for_javascript(js_options)) unless js_options.empty?
    function << ')'
    javascript_tag(function)
  end
  # Renders the value of the specified object and method with in-place editing capabilities.
  def in_place_editor_field(object, method, tag_options = {}, in_place_editor_options = {})
    tag = ::ActionView::Helpers::InstanceTag.new(object, method, self)
    tag_options = {:tag => "span", :id => "#{object}_#{method}_#{tag.object.id}_in_place_editor", :class => "in_place_editor_field"}.merge!(tag_options)
    in_place_editor_options[:url] = in_place_editor_options[:url] || url_for({ :action => "set_#{object}_#{method}", :id => tag.object.id })
    tag.to_content_tag(tag_options.delete(:tag), tag_options) +
    in_place_editor(tag_options[:id], in_place_editor_options)
  end
end

解决在rails2.0以上版本使用in_place_editor时出现的 ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken 错误。

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Posted by devon At March 15, 2008 16:20

capture in view

<% @greeting = capture do %>
    Welcome to my shiny new web page!  The date and time is
    <%= Time.now %>
<% end %>
<html>
<head><title><%= @greeting %></title></head>
<body>
<b><%= @greeting %></b>
</body></html>

The capture method allows you to extract part of a template into a variable. You can then use this variable anywhere in your templates or layout.

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Posted by devon At March 13, 2008 14:06

在 before_filter 中使用不同的layout

before_filter  Proc.new {|controller| layout 'iframe' unless controller.request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] =~ /localhost/ }

如果不是从localhost这个站点来访问的，则使用 iframe 的 layout

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Posted by devon At March 11, 2008 17:38

SERVER_NAME: localhost
PATH_INFO: /forum/forums
HTTP_USER_AGENT: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X; en) AppleWebKit/522.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0.2 Safari/522.12
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING: gzip, deflate
SCRIPT_NAME: /
SERVER_PROTOCOL: HTTP/1.1
HTTP_HOST: localhost:3000
HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL: max-age=0
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE: en
REMOTE_ADDR: 127.0.0.1
SERVER_SOFTWARE: Mongrel 1.1.3
REQUEST_PATH: /forum/forums
HTTP_REFERER: http://localhost:3000/
HTTP_COOKIE: _matchsession=BAh7BzoMY3NyZl9pZCIlNWJiNzg4NDUzOWQzNWFhZTQ4MGRkNTUwYzc0MDc5%250AZGYiCmZsYXNoSUM6J0FjdGlvbkNvbnRyb2xsZXI6OkZsYXNoOjpGbGFzaEhh%250Ac2h7AAY6CkB1c2VkewA%253D268e6091590591d959128f3b17b62ff46244a0a3; _slemail=temp%40email.com; _slhash=9dfd86431742273e3e96e06a1c20541d69f74dc9; _haha_session=BAh7BiIKZmxhc2hJQzonQWN0aW9uQ29udHJvbGxlcjo6Rmxhc2g6OkZsYXNo%250ASGFzaHsABjoKQHVzZWR7AA%253D%253D--96565e41694dc839bd244af40b5d5121a923c8e3
HTTP_VERSION: HTTP/1.1
REQUEST_URI: /forum/forums
SERVER_PORT: "3000"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE: CGI/1.2
HTTP_ACCEPT: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
HTTP_CONNECTION: keep-alive
REQUEST_METHOD: GET