Sed基本操作

什么是Sed？

Sed是一款流编辑工具，用来对文本进行过滤与替换。Sed通过一次仅读取一行内容来对某些指令进行处理后输出，所以Sed更适合处理大数据文件。

Sed通过文件或管道读取文件内容，但Sed默认并不修改源文件，而是将读入的内容复制到缓冲区中，即模式空间，所有的指令操作都是在模式空间中进行，然后Sed根据相应指令对模式空间中的内容进行处理并输出结果，默认输出至屏幕上。

Sed有哪些常用操作？

• a——追加在指定行之后
• i——插入在指定行
• d——删除指定行
• s——替换指定行

s命令替换

我们使用下面的这段文本做演示：

$ cat pets.txt
This is my cat
  my cat's name is betty
This is my dog
  my dog's name is frank
This is my fish
  my fish's name is george
This is my goat
  my goat's name is adam

把其中的my字符串替换成Hao Chen’s，下面的语句应该很好理解（s表示替换命令，/my/表示匹配my，/Hao Chen’s/表示把匹配替换成Hao Chen’s，/g 表示一行上的替换所有的匹配）：

$ sed "s/my/Hao Chen's/g" pets.txt
This is Hao Chen's cat
  Hao Chen's cat's name is betty
This is Hao Chen's dog
  Hao Chen's dog's name is frank
This is Hao Chen's fish
  Hao Chen's fish's name is george
This is Hao Chen's goat
  Hao Chen's goat's name is adam

注意：
如果你要使用单引号，那么你没办法通过\’这样来转义，就有双引号就可以了，在双引号内可以用\”来转义。
再注意：
上面的sed并没有对文件的内容改变，只是把处理过后的内容输出，如果你要写回文件，你可以使用重定向，如：

$ sed "s/my/Hao Chen's/g" pets.txt > hao_pets.txt

或使用 -i 参数直接修改文件内容：

$ sed -i "s/my/Hao Chen's/g" pets.txt

在每一行最前面加点东西：

$ sed 's/^/#/g' pets.txt
#This is my cat
#  my cat's name is betty
#This is my dog
#  my dog's name is frank
#This is my fish
#  my fish's name is george
#This is my goat
#  my goat's name is adam

在每一行最后面加点东西：

$ sed 's/$/ --- /g' pets.txt
This is my cat ---
  my cat's name is betty ---
This is my dog ---
  my dog's name is frank ---
This is my fish ---
  my fish's name is george ---
This is my goat ---
  my goat's name is adam ---

将第三行中的my替换为Your：

$ sed "3s/my/your/g" pets.txt
This is my cat
  my cat's name is betty
This is your dog
  my dog's name is frank
This is my fish
  my fish's name is george
This is my goat
  my goat's name is adam

只替换第3到第6行的文本：

$ sed "3,6s/my/your/g" pets.txt
This is my cat
  my cat's name is betty
This is your dog
  your dog's name is frank
This is your fish
  your fish's name is george
This is my goat
  my goat's name is adam

换下文本继续：

$ cat my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam

只替换每一行的第一个s：

$ sed 's/s/S/1' my.txt
ThiS is my cat, my cat's name is betty
ThiS is my dog, my dog's name is frank
ThiS is my fish, my fish's name is george
ThiS is my goat, my goat's name is adam

只替换每一行的第二个s：

$ sed 's/s/S/2' my.txt
This iS my cat, my cat's name is betty
This iS my dog, my dog's name is frank
This iS my fish, my fish's name is george
This iS my goat, my goat's name is adam

替换每一行的第3个及以后的s：

$ sed 's/s/S/3g' my.txt
This is my cat, my cat'S name iS betty
This is my dog, my dog'S name iS frank
This is my fiSh, my fiSh'S name iS george
This is my goat, my goat'S name iS adam

a命令和i命令

a命令就是append，i命令就是insert，它们是用来添加行的。如：

# 其中的1i表明，其要在第1行前插入一行（insert）
$ sed "1 i This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong" my.txt
This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam
 
# 其中的1a表明，其要在最后一行后追加一行（append）
$ sed "$ a This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong" my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam

我们可以运用匹配来添加文本：

# 注意其中的/fish/a，这意思是匹配到/fish/后就追加一行
$ sed "/fish/a This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong" my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam

d命令

删除匹配行

$ sed '/fish/d' my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam
 
$ sed '2d' my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam
 
$ sed '2,$d' my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty

N命令（把下一行的内容纳入当成缓冲区做匹配）

下面的的示例会把原文本中的偶数行纳入奇数行匹配，而s只匹配并替换一次，所以，就成了下面的结果：

$ sed 'N;s/my/your/' pets.txt
This is your cat
  my cat's name is betty
This is your dog
  my dog's name is frank
This is your fish
  my fish's name is george
This is your goat
  my goat's name is adam

也就是说，原来的文件成了：

This is my cat\n  my cat's name is betty
This is my dog\n  my dog's name is frank
This is my fish\n  my fish's name is george
This is my goat\n  my goat's name is adam

这样一来，下面的例子你就明白了

$ sed 'N;s/\n/,/' pets.txt
This is my cat,  my cat's name is betty
This is my dog,  my dog's name is frank
This is my fish,  my fish's name is george
This is my goat,  my goat's name is adam

c命令

c 命令是替换匹配行

$ sed "2 c This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong" my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam
 
$ sed "/fish/c This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong" my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my monkey, my monkey's name is wukong
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam

p命令

打印命令，可以把这个命令当成grep式的命令

# 匹配fish并输出，可以看到fish的那一行被打了两遍，
# 这是因为sed处理时会把处理的信息输出
$ sed '/fish/p' my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
This is my goat, my goat's name is adam
 
# 使用n参数就好了
$ sed -n '/fish/p' my.txt
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
 
# 从一个模式到另一个模式
$ sed -n '/dog/,/fish/p' my.txt
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george
 
#从第一行打印到匹配fish成功的那一行
$ sed -n '1,/fish/p' my.txt
This is my cat, my cat's name is betty
This is my dog, my dog's name is frank
This is my fish, my fish's name is george

参考链接=https://coolshell.cn/articles/9104.html