一.MVC
首先http的请求到达前端控制器,前端知道具体的请求,将代理给到控制器,控制器了解具体的业务细节,因此调用业务逻辑,生成业务数据,并将业务数据返回给前端控制器。然后前端控制器将数据分发给我们的业务视图。由业务视图来呈现业务页面返还给前端控制器,再由前端控制器返回到浏览器端。
MVC的核心思想是业务数据抽取同业务数据呈现相分离
MVC是一种架构模式:程序分层,分工合作,既相互独立,又协同工作。
二.Spring MVC的静态概念
DispatcherServlet是前端控制器
HandlerAdapter相当于controller,DispatcherServelet调用各种HandlerAdapter来实现任务分发给相关的业务逻辑
HandlerInterceptor是一个接口,可以用来在Handler调用之前,之后,以及view呈现后可以做很多事情
HandlerMapping是负责确定DispatcherServelet与controller之间映射的类,告诉DispatcherServelet,在请求到来后,由哪个controller来响应这个请求
HandlerExecutionChain
ModelAndView ViewResolver View
三.配置maven环境
1.myEclipse新建项目,选择import导入
2.pom.xml文件配置
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>imooc-arthur</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-mvc-study</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<commons-lang.version>2.6</commons-lang.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.6</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
<jackson.version>2.5.4</jackson.version>
</properties>
<!-- 依赖管理 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.2.2.v20140723</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
web.xml文件代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Spring MVC Study</display-name>
<!-- Spring应用上下文, 理解层次化的ApplicationContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- DispatcherServlet, Spring MVC的核心 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- DispatcherServlet对应的上下文配置, 默认为/WEB-INF/$servlet-name$-servlet.xml
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!-- mvc-dispatcher拦截所有的请求-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
因为我们配置了pom.xml文件,所以对于创建相应的文件目录
接下里创建配置文件
mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 本配置文件是工名为mvc-dispatcher的DispatcherServlet使用, 提供其相关的Spring MVC配置 -->
<!-- 启用Spring基于annotation的DI, 使用户可以在Spring MVC中使用Spring的强大功能。 激活 @Required
@Autowired,JSR 250's @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy and @Resource 等标注 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- DispatcherServlet上下文, 只管理@Controller类型的bean, 忽略其他型的bean, 如@Service -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.mvcdemo">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置, Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->
<!-- 扩充了注解驱动,可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 静态资源处理, css, js, imgs -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />
<!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。 使用order属性排序。 InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1" />
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
<entry key="htm" value="text/html" />
</map>
</property>
<property name="defaultViews">
<list>
<!-- JSON View -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView">
</bean>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true" />
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!--200*1024*1024即200M resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析,以便捕获文件大小异常 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="209715200" />
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
<property name="resolveLazily" value="true" />
</bean>
</beans>
在java目录下创建类
HelloMvcController类代码示例:
package com.imooc.mvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloMvcController {
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public String helloMvc() {
return "home";
}
}
创建home.jsp文件。
home.jsp文件
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello Spring MVC!
Here is iMooc!
</body>
</html>