定义:使多个对象都有机会处理请求,从而避免了请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链,并沿着这条链传递该请求,直到有对象处理它为止。
类图:
其思想很简单,考虑员工要求加薪。公司的管理者一共有三级,总经理、总监、经理,如果一个员工要求加薪,应该向主管的经理申请,如果加薪的数量在经理的职权内,那么经理可以直接批准,否则将申请上交给总监。总监的处理方式也一样,总经理可以处理所有请求。这就是典型的职责链模式,请求的处理形成了一条链,直到有一个对象处理请求。给出这个例子的UML图。
class Manager
{
protected:
Manager *m_manager;
string m_name;
public:
Manager(Manager *manager, string name):m_manager(manager), m_name(name){}
virtual void DealWithRequest(string name, int num) {}
};
class CommonManager: public Manager
{
public:
CommonManager(Manager *manager, string name):Manager(manager,name) {}
void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)
{
if(num < 500)
{
cout<<"Direct manager "<<m_name<<" approval "<<name<<" add salary "<<num<<" RMB"<<endl<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"Direct manager "<<m_name<<" will propost the request to majordomo"<<endl;
m_manager->DealWithRequest(name, num);
}
}
};
class Majordomo: public Manager
{
public:
Majordomo(Manager *manager, string name):Manager(manager,name) {}
void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)
{
if(num < 1000)
{
cout<<"majordomo "<<m_name<<" approval "<<name<<" add salary "<<num<<" RMB"<<endl<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"majordomo "<<m_name<<" will propost the request to the CEO"<<endl;
m_manager->DealWithRequest(name, num);
}
}
};
class GeneralManager: public Manager
{
public:
GeneralManager(Manager *manager, string name):Manager(manager,name) {}
void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)
{
cout<<"CEO "<<m_name<<" approval "<<name<<" add salary "<<num<<" RMB"<<endl<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
cout<<"\n--------------start of the main()---------------"<<endl;
Manager *general = new GeneralManager(NULL, "A");
Manager *majordomo = new Majordomo(general, "B");
Manager *common = new CommonManager(majordomo, "C");
common->DealWithRequest("D",300);
common->DealWithRequest("E", 600);
common->DealWithRequest("F", 1000);
delete common;
common = NULL;
delete majordomo;
majordomo = NULL;
delete general;
general = NULL;
cout<<"\n--------------end of the main()---------------"<<endl;
return 0;
}
如果此时公司制度发生变化,我们只需要重新定义或者修改其中处于责任链上的某个对象,这样就实现了设计模式的解耦和单一职责等原则,便于系统的升级与维护。