责任链模式

定义：使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免了请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有对象处理它为止。

类图：

                                        

其思想很简单，考虑员工要求加薪。公司的管理者一共有三级，总经理、总监、经理，如果一个员工要求加薪，应该向主管的经理申请，如果加薪的数量在经理的职权内，那么经理可以直接批准，否则将申请上交给总监。总监的处理方式也一样，总经理可以处理所有请求。这就是典型的职责链模式，请求的处理形成了一条链，直到有一个对象处理请求。给出这个例子的UML图。

                                      

class Manager  
{  
protected:  
    Manager *m_manager;  
    string m_name;  
public:  
    Manager(Manager *manager, string name):m_manager(manager), m_name(name){}  
    virtual void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)  {}  
};  

class CommonManager: public Manager  
{  
public:  
    CommonManager(Manager *manager, string name):Manager(manager,name) {}  
    void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)   
    {  
        if(num < 500) 
        {  
            cout<<"Direct manager "<<m_name<<" approval "<<name<<" add salary "<<num<<" RMB"<<endl<<endl;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            cout<<"Direct manager "<<m_name<<" will propost the request to majordomo"<<endl;  
            m_manager->DealWithRequest(name, num);  
        }  
    }  
};  

class Majordomo: public Manager  
{  
public:  
    Majordomo(Manager *manager, string name):Manager(manager,name) {}  
    void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)   
    {  
        if(num < 1000)  
        {  
            cout<<"majordomo "<<m_name<<" approval "<<name<<" add salary "<<num<<" RMB"<<endl<<endl;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            cout<<"majordomo "<<m_name<<" will propost the request to the CEO"<<endl;  
            m_manager->DealWithRequest(name, num);  
        }  
    }  
};  

class GeneralManager: public Manager  
{  
public:  
    GeneralManager(Manager *manager, string name):Manager(manager,name) {}  
    void DealWithRequest(string name, int num)  
    {  
        cout<<"CEO "<<m_name<<" approval "<<name<<" add salary "<<num<<" RMB"<<endl<<endl;  
    }  
}; 

int main()  
{    
	cout<<"\n--------------start of the main()---------------"<<endl;

    Manager *general = new GeneralManager(NULL, "A");  
    Manager *majordomo = new Majordomo(general, "B");  
    Manager *common = new CommonManager(majordomo, "C");  
    
	common->DealWithRequest("D",300);    
    common->DealWithRequest("E", 600);  
    common->DealWithRequest("F", 1000);  
    
	delete common; 
	common = NULL;
	delete majordomo;
	majordomo = NULL;
	delete general;
	general = NULL;

	cout<<"\n--------------end of the main()---------------"<<endl;
    return 0;  
}

如果此时公司制度发生变化,我们只需要重新定义或者修改其中处于责任链上的某个对象，这样就实现了设计模式的解耦和单一职责等原则，便于系统的升级与维护。