selenium-java-Firefox 特殊异常：界面找不到元素

在selenium + Java + Firefox 的时候会出现不能通过 By.id()的方式找到界面元素，但是实际上界面上通过fireBug能够找到该元素的且唯一，为什么找不到到呢？

原因分析如下：

1.界面中不只存在一个该name或者class或者的名称的元素；

2.界面中存在iframe框架存在；

3.通过debug模式能够找到界面元素，但是run时，就找不到元素，唯一的一种解释：打开firefox，输入地址后，界面一直处于加载中，当界面未加载完成，便通过webdriver去中界面元素，当然会出现找不到的情况；解决方案：加入等待处理（等待处理方式），再做查找元素处理；thread.sleep();

调整前代码如下

 
 

  
  package 
  
  info
  
  .
  
  www
  
  .
  
  itest
  
  ;
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  static 
  
  org
  
  .
  
  junit
  
  .
  
  Assert
  
  .*;
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.junit.*
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.By
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
  
  ;
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  public 
  
  class 
  
  CreatePost 
  
  {
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
	
  
  @Before
 
 
 
 
	
  
  public 
  
  void 
  
  setUp
  
  () 
  
  throws 
  
  Exception
  
  {
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
	
  
  }
 
 
 
 
	
  
  @After
 
 
 
 
	
  
  public 
  
  void 
  
  tearDown
  
  () 
  
  throws 
  
  Exception
  
  {
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
	
  
  }
 
 
 
 
	
  
  @Test
 
 
 
 
	
  
  public 
  
  void 
  
  testLogin
  
  (){
 
 
 
 
		
  
  System
  
  .
  
  setProperty
  
  (
  
  "webdriver.firefox.bin"
  
  , 
  
  "D:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
  
  WebDriver 
  
  dr 
  
  = 
  
  new 
  
  FirefoxDriver
  
  ();
 
 
 
 
		
  
  dr
  
  .
  
  get
  
  (
  
  "http://www.1988.com/wordpress/wp-login.php"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
  
  //个人地址
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
		
  
  dr
  
  .
  
  findElement
  
  (
  
  By
  
  .
  
  id
  
  (
  
  "user_login"
  
  )).
  
  sendKeys
  
  (
  
  "admin"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
		
  
  dr
  
  .
  
  findElement
  
  (
  
  By
  
  .
  
  id
  
  (
  
  "user_pass"
  
  )).
  
  sendKeys
  
  (
  
  "admin"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
  
  dr
  
  .
  
  findElement
  
  (
  
  By
  
  .
  
  id
  
  (
  
  "wp-submit"
  
  )).
  
  click
  
  ();
 
 
 
 
		
  
  assertTrue
  
  (
  
  dr
  
  .
  
  getCurrentUrl
  
  ().
  
  contains
  
  (
  
  "admin"
  
  ));
 
 
 
 
	
  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 

错误信息如下

 
 

  
  org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"user_login"}
 
 
 
 

  
  Command duration or timeout: 29.28 seconds
 
 
 
 

  
  For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
 
 
 
 

  
  Build info: version: '2.41.0', revision: '3192d8a', time: '2014-03-27 17:18:15'
 
 
 
 

  
  System info: host: 'HS-Q0TFDE785GM3', ip: '169.254.183.27', os.name: 'Windows 7', os.arch: 'x86', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.6.0_16'
 
 
 
 

  
  Session ID: c438cb88-3d6c-422d-8aca-a95f2d84bfff
 
 
 
 

  
  Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
 
 
 
 

  
  Capabilities [{platform=XP, acceptSslCerts=true, javascriptEnabled=true, browserName=firefox, rotatable=false, locationContextEnabled=true, version=4.0.1, cssSelectorsEnabled=true, databaseEnabled=true, handlesAlerts=true, nativeEvents=false, webStorageEnabled=true, applicationCacheEnabled=true, takesScreenshot=true}]
 
 
 
 

  
  	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:193)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:145)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:595)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:348)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementById(RemoteWebDriver.java:389)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.By$ById.findElement(By.java:214)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:340)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at info.www.itest.CreatePost.testLogin(CreatePost.java:27)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
 
 
 
 

  
  	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
 
 

调整后代码如下

 
 

  
  package 
  
  info
  
  .
  
  www
  
  .
  
  itest
  
  ;
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  static 
  
  org
  
  .
  
  junit
  
  .
  
  Assert
  
  .*;
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.junit.*
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.By
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.WebElement
  
  ;
 
 
 
 

  
  import 
  
  org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
  
  ;
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  public 
  
  class 
  
  CreatePost 
  
  {
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
	
  
  @Before
 
 
 
 
	
  
  public 
  
  void 
  
  setUp
  
  () 
  
  throws 
  
  Exception
  
  {
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
	
  
  }
 
 
 
 
	
  
  @After
 
 
 
 
	
  
  public 
  
  void 
  
  tearDown
  
  () 
  
  throws 
  
  Exception
  
  {
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
	
  
  }
 
 
 
 
	
  
  @Test
 
 
 
 
	
  
  public 
  
  void 
  
  testLogin
  
  () 
  
  throws 
  
  InterruptedException
  
  {
 
 
 
 
		
  
  System
  
  .
  
  setProperty
  
  (
  
  "webdriver.firefox.bin"
  
  , 
  
  "D:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
  
  WebDriver 
  
  driver 
  
  = 
  
  new 
  
  FirefoxDriver
  
  ();
 
 
 
 
		
  
  driver
  
  .
  
  get
  
  (
  
  "http://localhost/wordpress/wp-login.php"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
		
  
  System
  
  .
  
  out
  
  .
  
  println
  
  (
  
  driver
  
  .
  
  getCurrentUrl
  
  ());
 
 
 
 
		
  
  Thread
  
  .
  
  sleep
  
  (
  
  30000
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
  
  WebElement 
  
  elementName 
  
  = 
  
  driver
  
  .
  
  findElement
  
  (
  
  By
  
  .
  
  id
  
  (
  
  "user_login"
  
  ));
 
 
 
 
		
  
  elementName
  
  .
  
  sendKeys
  
  (
  
  "admin"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
		
  
  WebElement 
  
  elementPassword 
  
  = 
  
  driver
  
  .
  
  findElement
  
  (
  
  By
  
  .
  
  id
  
  (
  
  "user_pass"
  
  ));
 
 
 
 
		
  
  elementPassword
  
  .
  
  sendKeys
  
  (
  
  "admin"
  
  );
 
 
 
 
		
 
 
 
 
		
  
  driver
  
  .
  
  findElement
  
  (
  
  By
  
  .
  
  id
  
  (
  
  "wp-submit"
  
  )).
  
  click
  
  ();
 
 
 
 
		
  
  assertTrue
  
  (
  
  driver
  
  .
  
  getCurrentUrl
  
  ().
  
  contains
  
  (
  
  "admin"
  
  ));
 
 
 
 
	
  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  }