1.平滑升级操作
1.1 备份安装目录下的nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
mv nginx nginx.bak
1.2 复制objs目录下的nginx到当前sbin目录下
cp /opt/software/nginx/nginx-1.20.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
1.3 发送信号user2给nginx老版本对应的进程
kill -user2 'more /usr/local/logs/nginx.pid'
1.4 发送信号quit给nginx老版本的进程
kill -quit 'more /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin'
2. 源码解析
平滑升级中,在处理user2信号时,会将ngx_change_binary标识置为1,master进程在处理循环中,如果识别到ngx_change_binary为1,执行ngx_exec_new_binary,将监听套接字放到环境变量中,同时会重命令pid的文件名,便于下次终止老版本的进程,fork新进程,新进程执行新版本的逻辑。
2.1 如何处理信号
依托于ngx_signal_t数据结构
2.1.1 ngx_signal_t
typedef struct {
int signo;
char *signame;
char *name;
void (*handler)(int signo, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *ucontext);
} ngx_signal_t;
全局变量signals是ngx_signal_t的数组,记录了需要处理的信号,信号名以及对应的信号处理函数
2.1.2 singals
ngx_signal_t signals[] = {
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL),
"reload",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL),
"reopen",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL),
"",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL),
"stop",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL),
"quit",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL),
"",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGALRM, "SIGALRM", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGINT, "SIGINT", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGIO, "SIGIO", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGCHLD, "SIGCHLD", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGSYS, "SIGSYS, SIG_IGN", "", NULL },
{ SIGPIPE, "SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN", "", NULL },
{ 0, NULL, "", NULL }
};
ngx_init_signals是在nginx启动时向内核注册信号处理
2.1.3 ngx_init_signals
ngx_int_t
ngx_init_signals(ngx_log_t *log)
{
ngx_signal_t *sig;
struct sigaction sa;
for (sig = signals; sig->signo != 0; sig++) {
ngx_memzero(&sa, sizeof(struct sigaction));
if (sig->handler) {
sa.sa_sigaction = sig->handler;
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
} else {
sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
}
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(sig->signo, &sa, NULL) == -1) {
#if (NGX_VALGRIND)
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, log, ngx_errno,
"sigaction(%s) failed, ignored", sig->signame);
#else
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_errno,
"sigaction(%s) failed", sig->signame);
return NGX_ERROR;
#endif
}
}
return NGX_OK;
}
在处理USR2信号时,会将ngx_change_binary标识设置为1
2.1.4 ngx_signal_handler
static void
ngx_signal_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *ucontext)
{
char *action;
ngx_int_t ignore;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_signal_t *sig;
ignore = 0;
err = ngx_errno;
for (sig = signals; sig->signo != 0; sig++) {
if (sig->signo == signo) {
break;
}
}
ngx_time_sigsafe_update();
action = "";
switch (ngx_process) {
case NGX_PROCESS_MASTER:
case NGX_PROCESS_SINGLE:
switch (signo) {
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL):
ngx_quit = 1;
action = ", shutting down";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL):
case SIGINT:
ngx_terminate = 1;
action = ", exiting";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL):
if (ngx_daemonized) {
ngx_noaccept = 1;
action = ", stop accepting connections";
}
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL):
ngx_reconfigure = 1;
action = ", reconfiguring";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL):
ngx_reopen = 1;
action = ", reopening logs";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL):
if (ngx_getppid() == ngx_parent || ngx_new_binary > 0) {
/*
* Ignore the signal in the new binary if its parent is
* not changed, i.e. the old binary's process is still
* running. Or ignore the signal in the old binary's
* process if the new binary's process is already running.
*/
action = ", ignoring";
ignore = 1;
break;
}
ngx_change_binary = 1;
action = ", changing binary";
break;
case SIGALRM:
ngx_sigalrm = 1;
break;
case SIGIO:
ngx_sigio = 1;
break;
case SIGCHLD:
ngx_reap = 1;
break;
}
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_WORKER:
case NGX_PROCESS_HELPER:
switch (signo) {
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL):
if (!ngx_daemonized) {
break;
}
ngx_debug_quit = 1;
/* fall through */
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL):
ngx_quit = 1;
action = ", shutting down";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL):
case SIGINT:
ngx_terminate = 1;
action = ", exiting";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL):
ngx_reopen = 1;
action = ", reopening logs";
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL):
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL):
case SIGIO:
action = ", ignoring";
break;
}
break;
}
if (siginfo && siginfo->si_pid) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, ngx_cycle->log, 0,
"signal %d (%s) received from %P%s",
signo, sig->signame, siginfo->si_pid, action);
} else {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, ngx_cycle->log, 0,
"signal %d (%s) received%s",
signo, sig->signame, action);
}
if (ignore) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_CRIT, ngx_cycle->log, 0,
"the changing binary signal is ignored: "
"you should shutdown or terminate "
"before either old or new binary's process");
}
if (signo == SIGCHLD) {
ngx_process_get_status();
}
ngx_set_errno(err);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/05b9531ec062ede3357efccfcf383aec.png)
2.2 master进程处理ngx_change_binary标识
master进程处理循环中会检测ngx_change_binary标识,如果置为1,会调用ngx_exec_new_binary,fork新进程,新进行执行execv来调用新的二进制文件
void
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
ngx_setproctitle(title);
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
for ( ;; ) {
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"termination cycle: %M", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
if (delay > 1000) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
continue;
}
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_change_binary) {
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
if (ngx_noaccept) {
ngx_noaccept = 0;
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/ff86f099907e8a3bdf45f96a9a485a8a.png)
2.2.1 ngx_exec_new_binary
将cycle中的listening监听套接字放到环境变量中
将pid文件生命为oldpid
创建新进程,执行新的二进制文件
ngx_pid_t
ngx_exec_new_binary(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, char *const *argv)
{
char **env, *var;
u_char *p;
ngx_uint_t i, n;
ngx_pid_t pid;
ngx_exec_ctx_t ctx;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_memzero(&ctx, sizeof(ngx_exec_ctx_t));
ctx.path = argv[0];
ctx.name = "new binary process";
ctx.argv = argv;
n = 2;
env = ngx_set_environment(cycle, &n);
if (env == NULL) {
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
var = ngx_alloc(sizeof(NGINX_VAR)
+ cycle->listening.nelts * (NGX_INT32_LEN + 1) + 2,
cycle->log);
if (var == NULL) {
ngx_free(env);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
p = ngx_cpymem(var, NGINX_VAR "=", sizeof(NGINX_VAR));
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
p = ngx_sprintf(p, "%ud;", ls[i].fd);
}
*p = '\0';
env[n++] = var;
#if (NGX_SETPROCTITLE_USES_ENV)
/* allocate the spare 300 bytes for the new binary process title */
env[n++] = "SPARE=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX";
#endif
env[n] = NULL;
#if (NGX_DEBUG)
{
char **e;
for (e = env; *e; e++) {
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0, "env: %s", *e);
}
}
#endif
ctx.envp = (char *const *) env;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
if (ngx_rename_file(ccf->pid.data, ccf->oldpid.data) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_rename_file_n " %s to %s failed "
"before executing new binary process \"%s\"",
ccf->pid.data, ccf->oldpid.data, argv[0]);
ngx_free(env);
ngx_free(var);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
pid = ngx_execute(cycle, &ctx);
if (pid == NGX_INVALID_PID) {
if (ngx_rename_file(ccf->oldpid.data, ccf->pid.data)
== NGX_FILE_ERROR)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_rename_file_n " %s back to %s failed after "
"an attempt to execute new binary process \"%s\"",
ccf->oldpid.data, ccf->pid.data, argv[0]);
}
}
ngx_free(env);
ngx_free(var);
return pid;
}
ngx_pid_t
ngx_execute(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_exec_ctx_t *ctx)
{
return ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_execute_proc, ctx, ctx->name,
NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED);
}
static void
ngx_execute_proc(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, void *data)
{
ngx_exec_ctx_t *ctx = data;
if (execve(ctx->path, ctx->argv, ctx->envp) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"execve() failed while executing %s \"%s\"",
ctx->name, ctx->path);
}
exit(1);
}
2.3 旧版本的master退出
此时,nginx会有两个进程,一个是新版本的,一个是旧版本的,需要将旧版本的结束,其在处理quit信号时,主进程会向work进程发送quit信号,现时主进程也会关闭监听套接字
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
continue;
}
2.3.1 ngx_signal_worker_processes
向工作进程发送quit消息
static void
ngx_signal_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, int signo)
{
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_channel_t ch;
ngx_memzero(&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t));
#if (NGX_BROKEN_SCM_RIGHTS)
ch.command = 0;
#else
switch (signo) {
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL):
ch.command = NGX_CMD_QUIT;
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL):
ch.command = NGX_CMD_TERMINATE;
break;
case ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL):
ch.command = NGX_CMD_REOPEN;
break;
default:
ch.command = 0;
}
#endif
ch.fd = -1;
for (i = 0; i < ngx_last_process; i++) {
ngx_log_debug7(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"child: %i %P e:%d t:%d d:%d r:%d j:%d",
i,
ngx_processes[i].pid,
ngx_processes[i].exiting,
ngx_processes[i].exited,
ngx_processes[i].detached,
ngx_processes[i].respawn,
ngx_processes[i].just_spawn);
if (ngx_processes[i].detached || ngx_processes[i].pid == -1) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_processes[i].just_spawn) {
ngx_processes[i].just_spawn = 0;
continue;
}
if (ngx_processes[i].exiting
&& signo == ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL))
{
continue;
}
if (ch.command) {
if (ngx_write_channel(ngx_processes[i].channel[0],
&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t), cycle->log)
== NGX_OK)
{
if (signo != ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL)) {
ngx_processes[i].exiting = 1;
}
continue;
}
}
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,
"kill (%P, %d)", ngx_processes[i].pid, signo);
if (kill(ngx_processes[i].pid, signo) == -1) {
err = ngx_errno;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, err,
"kill(%P, %d) failed", ngx_processes[i].pid, signo);
if (err == NGX_ESRCH) {
ngx_processes[i].exited = 1;
ngx_processes[i].exiting = 0;
ngx_reap = 1;
}
continue;
}
if (signo != ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL)) {
ngx_processes[i].exiting = 1;
}
}
}
2.3.2 ngx_close_listening_sockets
关闭监听套接字
void
ngx_close_listening_sockets(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_connection_t *c;
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT) {
return;
}
ngx_accept_mutex_held = 0;
ngx_use_accept_mutex = 0;
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
c = ls[i].connection;
if (c) {
if (c->read->active) {
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_EPOLL_EVENT) {
/*
* it seems that Linux-2.6.x OpenVZ sends events
* for closed shared listening sockets unless
* the events was explicitly deleted
*/
ngx_del_event(c->read, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0);
} else {
ngx_del_event(c->read, NGX_READ_EVENT, NGX_CLOSE_EVENT);
}
}
ngx_free_connection(c);
c->fd = (ngx_socket_t) -1;
}
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,
"close listening %V #%d ", &ls[i].addr_text, ls[i].fd);
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[i].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed", &ls[i].addr_text);
}
#if (NGX_HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN)
if (ls[i].sockaddr->sa_family == AF_UNIX
&& ngx_process <= NGX_PROCESS_MASTER
&& ngx_new_binary == 0
&& (!ls[i].inherited || ngx_getppid() != ngx_parent))
{
u_char *name = ls[i].addr_text.data + sizeof("unix:") - 1;
if (ngx_delete_file(name) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_delete_file_n " %s failed", name);
}
}
#endif
ls[i].fd = (ngx_socket_t) -1;
}
cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
}