libevent中的bufferevent

bufferevent是libevent中处理网络事件很重要也是比较复杂的一个模块，其中包含一个读事件，一个写事件，两个缓冲区（读和写）、读写水位、三个回调（读、写、出错）和函数指针组成的操作集。目前支持的操作集有五种：基于socket的，基于pair的，基于过滤的及基于SSL,异步（WIN32 iocp）的五种。bufferevent的结构为

struct bufferevent {
    /** Event base for which this bufferevent was created. */
    struct event_base *ev_base;
    /** Pointer to a table of function pointers to set up how this
        bufferevent behaves. */
    const struct bufferevent_ops *be_ops;  //操作集

    /** A read event that triggers when a timeout has happened or a socket
        is ready to read data.  Only used by some subtypes of
        bufferevent. */
    struct event ev_read;  //读事件
    /** A write event that triggers when a timeout has happened or a socket
        is ready to write data.  Only used by some subtypes of
        bufferevent. */
    struct event ev_write;  //写事件

    /** An input buffer. Only the bufferevent is allowed to add data to
        this buffer, though the user is allowed to drain it. */
    struct evbuffer *input;   //输入缓冲区

    /** An input buffer. Only the bufferevent is allowed to drain data
        from this buffer, though the user is allowed to add it. */
    struct evbuffer *output;        //输出缓冲区

    struct event_watermark wm_read;  //读操作的水位
    struct event_watermark wm_write;    //写操作的水位

    bufferevent_data_cb readcb;    //用于应用层读操作的回调
    bufferevent_data_cb writecb;    //用于应用层写操作的回调
    /* This should be called 'eventcb', but renaming it would break
     * backward compatibility */
    bufferevent_event_cb errorcb;   //出错时的回调
    void *cbarg;

    struct timeval timeout_read;
    struct timeval timeout_write;

    /** Events that are currently enabled: currently EV_READ and EV_WRITE
        are supported. */
    short enabled;
};

1. bufferevent的选项
bufferevent有四种选项：
BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE:释放缓冲区时关闭socket描述符
BEV_OPT_THREADSAFE:开启线程情况下，bufferevent由锁来同步
BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS:回调添加到event_base中的回调，由event_base事件循环来处理
BEV_OPT_UNLOCK_CALLBACKS:无锁回调,这个选项需要与BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS一起使用。
2. bufferevent中的水位
bufferevent中读操作的低水位是用于应用层读，如果输入缓冲区的数据长度大于低水位，则调用应用层的读回调，而高水位是用于控制socket I/O的读操作，如果输入缓冲区的数据长度大于高水位，就将删除socket的读事件，即不将socket中的数据读入输入缓冲区中。而写操作的低水位，如果输出缓冲区的数据长度小于低水位则调用应用层的写操作，将数据写入输入缓冲区中，而针对socket,syn,pair,ssl,filter这几种bufferevent操作有不同的含义。
3. 读写事件的开启关闭
设置水位后，读写事件的开启关闭是根据水位来动态调节，其函数为

void bufferevent_suspend_read(struct bufferevent *bufev, bufferevent_suspend_flags what)
void bufferevent_unsuspend_read(struct bufferevent *bufev, bufferevent_suspend_flags what)
void bufferevent_suspend_write(struct bufferevent *bufev, bufferevent_suspend_flags what)
void bufferevent_unsuspend_write(struct bufferevent *bufev, bufferevent_suspend_flags what)

4. 应用层事件的回调
应用层事件的回调分为延时的和无延时的的。延时回调是在设置了BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS属性后，事件放在event_base事件循环中来处理的。其相应的函数为

void bufferevent_run_deferred_callbacks_locked(struct deferred_cb *_, void *arg)  
void bufferevent_run_deferred_callbacks_unlocked(struct deferred_cb *_, void *arg)
void _bufferevent_run_readcb(struct bufferevent *bufev)
void _bufferevent_run_writecb(struct bufferevent *bufev)
void _bufferevent_run_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bufev, short what)