当提交表单里包含文件上传的时候,即Form的enctype属性值为multipart/form-data时,后台是无法像普通表单那样通过request.getParameter来获取用户提交的数据的。(说实话,我经常因为忘记这个问题而浪费好多调查时间。)
这时候,当然可以通过解析提交到服务器的数据流来得到数据了,但是这样不但麻烦而且容易出错。
最好的方式是使用第三方的jar包获取数据,这方面有很多现成的成熟优秀的jar包。最常用的时以下三个:
apache的commons-fileupload : http://commons.apache.org/fileupload/
O’Reilly的cos: http://www.servlets.com/cos/index.html
jspsmart的SmartUpload:官方不提供下载了,google搜吧。
其中,据评测效率最高的是COS,最慢的是SmartUpload;最常用的是common-upload;文件太大时SmartUpland会崩溃。
1. common-upload示例代码:
- // 判断enctype属性是否为multipart/form-data
- boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
- // Create a factory for disk-based file items
- DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
- // 当上传文件太大时,因为虚拟机能使用的内存是有限的,所以此时要通过临时文件来实现上传文件的保存
- // 此方法是设置是否使用临时文件的临界值(单位:字节)
- factory.setSizeThreshold(yourMaxMemorySize);
- // 与上一个结合使用,设置临时文件的路径(绝对路径)
- factory.setRepository(yourTempDirectory);
- // Create a new file upload handler
- ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
- // 设置上传内容的大小限制(单位:字节)
- upload.setSizeMax(yourMaxRequestSize);
- // Parse the request
- List<?> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
- Iterator iter = items.iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();
- if (item.isFormField()) {
- //如果是普通表单字段
- String name = item.getFieldName();
- String value = item.getString();
- …
- } else {
- //如果是文件字段
- String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
- String fileName = item.getName();
- String contentType = item.getContentType();
- boolean isInMemory = item.isInMemory();
- long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
- …
- // Process a file upload
- if (writeToFile) {
- File uploadedFile = new File(…);
- item.write(uploadedFile);
- } else {
- InputStream uploadedStream = item.getInputStream();
- …
- uploadedStream.close();
- }
- }
- }
// 判断enctype属性是否为multipart/form-data
boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
// Create a factory for disk-based file items
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
// 当上传文件太大时,因为虚拟机能使用的内存是有限的,所以此时要通过临时文件来实现上传文件的保存
// 此方法是设置是否使用临时文件的临界值(单位:字节)
factory.setSizeThreshold(yourMaxMemorySize);
// 与上一个结合使用,设置临时文件的路径(绝对路径)
factory.setRepository(yourTempDirectory);
// Create a new file upload handler
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
// 设置上传内容的大小限制(单位:字节)
upload.setSizeMax(yourMaxRequestSize);
// Parse the request
List<?> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
Iterator iter = items.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();
if (item.isFormField()) {
//如果是普通表单字段
String name = item.getFieldName();
String value = item.getString();
...
} else {
//如果是文件字段
String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
String fileName = item.getName();
String contentType = item.getContentType();
boolean isInMemory = item.isInMemory();
long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
...
// Process a file upload
if (writeToFile) {
File uploadedFile = new File(...);
item.write(uploadedFile);
} else {
InputStream uploadedStream = item.getInputStream();
...
uploadedStream.close();
}
}
}
2. cos示例代码:
- // 设置大小限制(单位:字节)
- final int permitedSize = 314572800;
- try {
- String type = ”“;
- String name = ”“;
- String originalFilename = ”“;
- String extension1 = ”“;
- String extension2 = ”“;
- String filename = ”“;
- //上传目录
- String strDirectory = ”files”;
- String uploadPath = request.getRealPath(”//WEB-INF//”+strDirectory+“//”);
- // 获取句柄
- MultipartRequest multipartRequest = new MultipartRequest(request, uploadPath,
- permitedSize, ”ISO-8859-1”, new DefaultFileRenamePolicy());
- // 取得文件
- Enumeration files = multipartRequest.getFileNames();
- // 取得文件详细信息
- while (files.hasMoreElements()) {
- name = (String)files.nextElement();
- type = multipartRequest.getContentType(name);
- filename = multipartRequest.getFilesystemName(name);
- originalFilename = multipartRequest.getOriginalFileName(name);
- File currentFile = multipartRequest.getFile(name);
- …
- }
- // 取得其它非文件字段
- Enumeration params = multipartRequest.getParameterNames();
- while (params.hasMoreElements()) {
- String name = (String)params.nextElement();
- String value = multi.getParameter(name);
- …
- }
- } catch (Exception exception) {
- response.sendError(response.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
- } finally {
- if (out != null) {out.close();}
- }
// 设置大小限制(单位:字节)
final int permitedSize = 314572800;
try {
String type = "";
String name = "";
String originalFilename = "";
String extension1 = "";
String extension2 = "";
String filename = "";
//上传目录
String strDirectory = "files";
String uploadPath = request.getRealPath("//WEB-INF//"+strDirectory+"//");
// 获取句柄
MultipartRequest multipartRequest = new MultipartRequest(request, uploadPath,
permitedSize, "ISO-8859-1", new DefaultFileRenamePolicy());
// 取得文件
Enumeration files = multipartRequest.getFileNames();
// 取得文件详细信息
while (files.hasMoreElements()) {
name = (String)files.nextElement();
type = multipartRequest.getContentType(name);
filename = multipartRequest.getFilesystemName(name);
originalFilename = multipartRequest.getOriginalFileName(name);
File currentFile = multipartRequest.getFile(name);
...
}
// 取得其它非文件字段
Enumeration params = multipartRequest.getParameterNames();
while (params.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String)params.nextElement();
String value = multi.getParameter(name);
...
}
} catch (Exception exception) {
response.sendError(response.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
} finally {
if (out != null) {out.close();}
}
3. SmartUpload示例代码:
- smartupload mysmartupload = new smartupload();
- mysmartupload.initialize(this.getServletConfig(), request, response);
- // 设置文件大小限制(单位:字节)
- mysmartupload.setMaxFileSize(10000000);
- // 设置总上传数据总大小(单位:字节)
- mysmartupload.setTotalMaxFileSize(20000000);
- // 设置允许的文件扩展名
- mysmartupload.setAllowedFilesList(”jpg,png,gif,bmp,jpeg”);
- // 设置不允许的文件扩展名
- mysmartupload.setDeniedFilesList(”exe,bat,jsp,htm,html,,”);
- try {
- mysmartupload.upload();
- } catch (smartuploadException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- // 读取其它非文件上传字段
- com.jspsmart.upload.Request req = mysmartupload.getRequest();
- String title = req.getParameter(”dest”);
- // 保存文件
- for (int i = 0; i < mysmartupload.getFiles().getCount(); i++) {
- com.jspsmart.upload.File file = mysmartupload.getFiles().getFile(i);
- if (file.isMissing()) continue;
- try {
- file.saveAs(”yourSavePath” + file.getFileName());
- } catch (smartuploadException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
smartupload mysmartupload = new smartupload();
mysmartupload.initialize(this.getServletConfig(), request, response);
// 设置文件大小限制(单位:字节)
mysmartupload.setMaxFileSize(10000000);
// 设置总上传数据总大小(单位:字节)
mysmartupload.setTotalMaxFileSize(20000000);
// 设置允许的文件扩展名
mysmartupload.setAllowedFilesList("jpg,png,gif,bmp,jpeg");
// 设置不允许的文件扩展名
mysmartupload.setDeniedFilesList("exe,bat,jsp,htm,html,,");
try {
mysmartupload.upload();
} catch (smartuploadException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
// 读取其它非文件上传字段
com.jspsmart.upload.Request req = mysmartupload.getRequest();
String title = req.getParameter("dest");
// 保存文件
for (int i = 0; i < mysmartupload.getFiles().getCount(); i++) {
com.jspsmart.upload.File file = mysmartupload.getFiles().getFile(i);
if (file.isMissing()) continue;
try {
file.saveAs("yourSavePath" + file.getFileName());
} catch (smartuploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}