Centos Stream 8安装oracle19c

Centos Stream 8安装oracle19c

1.oracle19c下载网址 https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html#19c
2.oralce 19C for Linux有两种安装包，一种是zip格式，一种是rpm格式。这里以rpm包为例
3.进入下载好的目录后打开终端或者打开终端后直接使用cd命令进入下载包位置
4.登录身份需要用root身份
5.进行安装

rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

提示报错，缺少“oracle-database-preinstall-19c”
6.使用yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-19或者dnf install oracle-database-preinstall-19c会提示找不到软件包之类的错误信息。这里可 以将oralce相关源添加进入/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo或者找寻其他源。当然也可以从oracle官网下载oracle-database-preinstall-19c，下载网址为：https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/index.html 如果需要下载其他软件包，可以直接登录到https://yum.oracle.com/按照实际情况下载.也可以按照oracle官网提示进行下载安装https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/ladbi/running-rpm-packages-to-install-oracle-database.html#GUID-BB7C11E3-D385-4A2F-9EAF-75F4F0AACF02
7. 安装oracle-database-preinstall-19c

rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm

安装oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm有以下提示

ksh 被 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 需要
libaio-devel 被 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 需要
libnsl 被 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 需要

安装缺少的依赖包或者组件（根据实际提示去安装缺失的依赖包）

dnf install ksh
dfn install libaio-devel
dnf libnsl

8.安装oracle-database-preinstall-19c

rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

安装完成后有以下提示

警告：oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1     ################################# [100%]
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
#这里的的意思时说需要已root用户执行<font color = red>/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure</font>

执行安装过程如下：

[root@TestCentOSStream8 下载]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.
准备执行数据库操作
已完成 8%
复制数据库文件
已完成 31%
正在创建并启动 Oracle 实例
已完成 32%
已完成 36%
已完成 40%
已完成 43%
已完成 46%
正在进行数据库创建
已完成 51%
已完成 54%
正在创建插接式数据库
已完成 58%
已完成 77%
执行配置后操作
已完成 100%
数据库创建完成。有关详细信息, 请查看以下位置的日志文件:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB。
数据库信息:
全局数据库名:ORCLCDB
系统标识符 (SID):ORCLCDB
有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log"。

Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.
#数据库配置已成功完成。密码是自动生成的，您必须使用“sqlplus/as sysdba”作为oracle用户连接到数据库来更改密码。
[root@TestCentOSStream8 下载]# 

9.以上所有步骤完成后，数据库就已经完成安装。但是，接下来得要配置环境变量，否则sqlplus无法使用，也就意味着我们登录不进去Oracle数据库
配置环境变量，只需要在/etc/profile文件最末尾增加以下内容即可

#Oracle环境变量
export  ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1	//rpm包安装后oracle的默认安装位置
export  PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin
export  ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

配置完环境变量后重新加载环境便来嗯

source /etc/profile

修改oracle用户默认密码

passwd oracle

使用oracle用户登录

su - oracle

启动oracle监听

[oracle@TestCentOSStream8 ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 28-OCT-2022 22:03:09

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/TestCentOSStream8/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.133.138)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.133.138)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                28-OCT-2022 22:03:16
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 5 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/TestCentOSStream8/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.133.138)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@TestCentOSStream8 ~]$ 

启动oracle监听后可以查看监听运行状态

[oracle@TestCentOSStream8 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 28-OCT-2022 22:05:32

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.133.138)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                28-OCT-2022 22:03:16
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 20 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/TestCentOSStream8/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.133.138)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@TestCentOSStream8 ~]$ 

登录系统

sqlplus / as sysdba

登录后界面

[oracle@TestCentOSStream8 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Oct 28 21:58:48 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>

启动数据库实例

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2432692416 bytes
Fixed Size		    9138368 bytes
Variable Size		  570425344 bytes
Database Buffers	 1845493760 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7634944 bytes
????????
????????
SQL> 

以上所有工作完成后，数据库就可以正常运行。例如查询数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CON_ID
----------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
	 0

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CON_ID
----------


SQL> 

例如查看pdb信息

SQL> show pdbs;	

    CON_ID CON_NAME			  OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
	 2 PDB$SEED			  READ ONLY  NO
	 3 ORCLPDB1			  MOUNTED
SQL> 

例如查看当前登录用户

SQL> show user;
USER ? "SYS"
SQL> 

以上查询中出现了乱码，按照如下步骤解决:

查看当前编码格式

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8

SQL> 

临时解决方法，登录oracle用户，执行下面命令

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK  

永久生效方法，登录到非oracle用户，执行下面命令

sudo vim /etc/profile	//修改profile文件
#文件最后面添加以下内容
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK    

使其生效

source /etc/profile

备注：以上就是在CentOS Stream 8中通过rpm部署Oracle 19 C全过程,仅供参考。至于之后的监听配置，解锁系统用户以及修改用户密码，创建表空间，增加系用户等操作，将在之后发布。