一、前言
这篇文章主要总结gtest中的所有断言相关的宏。 gtest中,断言的宏可以理解为分为两类,一类是ASSERT系列,一类是EXPECT系列。一个直观的解释就是:
1. ASSERT_* 系列的断言,当检查点失败时,退出当前案例的执行。
2. EXPECT_* 系列的断言,当检查点失败时,继续往下执行。
二、布尔值检查
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_TRUE( condition ) ; | EXPECT_TRUE( condition ) ; | condition is true |
ASSERT_FALSE( condition ) ; | EXPECT_FALSE( condition ) ; | condition is false |
三、数值型数据检查
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_EQ( expected , actual ); | EXPECT_EQ( expected , actual ); | expected == actual |
ASSERT_NE( val1 , val2 ); | EXPECT_NE( val1 , val2 ); | val1 != val2 |
ASSERT_LT( val1 , val2 ); | EXPECT_LT( val1 , val2 ); | val1 < val2 |
ASSERT_LE( val1 , val2 ); | EXPECT_LE( val1 , val2 ); | val1 <= val2 |
ASSERT_GT( val1 , val2 ); | EXPECT_GT( val1 , val2 ); | val1 > val2 |
ASSERT_GE( val1 , val2 ); | EXPECT_GE( val1 , val2 ); | val1 >= val2 |
四、字符串检查
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_STREQ( expected_str , actual_str ); | EXPECT_STREQ( expected_str , actual_str ); | the two C strings have the same content |
ASSERT_STRNE( str1 , str2 ); | EXPECT_STRNE( str1 , str2 ); | the two C strings have different content |
ASSERT_STRCASEEQ( expected_str , actual_str ); | EXPECT_STRCASEEQ( expected_str , actual_str ); | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
ASSERT_STRCASENE( str1 , str2 ); | EXPECT_STRCASENE( str1 , str2 ); | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
*STREQ*和*STRNE*同时支持char*和wchar_t* 类型的,*STRCASEEQ*和*STRCASENE* 却只接收char*,估计是不常用吧。下面是几个例子:
{
char * pszCoderZh = " CoderZh " ;
wchar_t * wszCoderZh = L " CoderZh " ;
std:: string strCoderZh = " CoderZh " ;
std::wstringwstrCoderZh = L " CoderZh " ;
EXPECT_STREQ( " CoderZh " ,pszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STREQ(L " CoderZh " ,wszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRNE( " CnBlogs " ,pszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRNE(L " CnBlogs " ,wszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRCASEEQ( " coderzh " ,pszCoderZh);
// EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(L"coderzh",wszCoderZh); 不支持
EXPECT_STREQ( " CoderZh " ,strCoderZh.c_str());
EXPECT_STREQ(L " CoderZh " ,wstrCoderZh.c_str());
}
五、显示返回成功或失败
直接返回成功:SUCCEED();
返回失败:
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion |
FAIL(); | ADD_FAILURE(); |
{
ADD_FAILURE() << " Sorry " ; // NoneFatalAsserton,继续往下执行。
// FAIL(); // FatalAssertion,不往下执行该案例。
SUCCEED();
}
六、异常检查
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_THROW( statement , exception_type ); | EXPECT_THROW( statement , exception_type ); | statement throws an exception of the given type |
ASSERT_ANY_THROW( statement ); | EXPECT_ANY_THROW( statement ); | statement throws an exception of any type |
ASSERT_NO_THROW( statement ); | EXPECT_NO_THROW( statement ); | statement doesn't throw any exception |
例如:
{
if (a == 0 || b == 0 )
{
throw " don'tdothat " ;
}
int c = a % b;
if (c == 0 )
return b;
return Foo(b,c);
}
TEST(FooTest,HandleZeroInput)
{
EXPECT_ANY_THROW(Foo( 10 , 0 ));
EXPECT_THROW(Foo( 0 , 5 ), char * );
}
七、Predicate Assertions
在使用EXPECT_TRUE或ASSERT_TRUE时,有时希望能够输出更加详细的信息,比如检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时, 希望能够输出传入的参数是什么,以便失败后好跟踪。因此提供了如下的断言:
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_PRED1( pred1, val1 ); | EXPECT_PRED1( pred1, val1 ); | pred1(val1) returns true |
ASSERT_PRED2( pred2, val1, val2 ); | EXPECT_PRED2( pred2, val1, val2 ); | pred2(val1, val2) returns true |
... | ... | ... |
Google人说了,他们只提供<=5个参数的,如果需要测试更多的参数,直接告诉他们。下面看看这个东西怎么用。
{
return Foo(m,n) > 1 ;
}
TEST(PredicateAssertionTest,Demo)
{
int m = 5 ,n = 6 ;
EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime,m,n);
}
当失败时,返回错误信息:
error: MutuallyPrime(m, n) evaluates to false, where
m evaluates to 5
n evaluates to 6
如果对这样的输出不满意的话,还可以自定义输出格式,通过如下:
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1( pred_format1, val1 );` | EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1( pred_format1, val1 ); | pred_format1(val1) is successful |
ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2( pred_format2, val1, val2 ); | EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2( pred_format2, val1, val2 ); | pred_format2(val1, val2) is successful |
... | ... |
用法示例:
if (Foo(m,n) == k)
return testing::AssertionSuccess();
testing::Messagemsg;
msg << m_expr << " 和 " << n_expr << " 的最大公约数应该是: " << Foo(m,n) << " 而不是: " << k_expr;
return testing::AssertionFailure(msg);
}
TEST(AssertFooTest,HandleFail)
{
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(AssertFoo, 3 , 6 , 2 );
}
失败时,输出信息:
error: 3 和 6 的最大公约数应该是:3 而不是:2
是不是更温馨呢,呵呵。
八、浮点型检查
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ( expected, actual ); | EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ( expected, actual ); | the two float values are almost equal |
ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ( expected, actual ); | EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ( expected, actual ); | the two double values are almost equal |
对相近的两个数比较:
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_NEAR( val1, val2, abs_error ); | EXPECT_NEAR (val1, val2, abs_error ); | the difference between val1 and val2 doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
同时,还可以使用:
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE,val1,val2);
九、Windows HRESULT assertions
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED( expression ); | EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED( expression ); | expression is a success HRESULT |
ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED( expression ); | EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED( expression ); | expression is a failure HRESULT |
例如:
ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell.CoCreateInstance(L " Shell.Application " ));
CComVariantempty;
ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell -> ShellExecute(CComBSTR(url),empty,empty,empty,empty));
十、类型检查
类型检查失败时,直接导致代码编不过,难得用处就在这?看下面的例子:
public :
void Bar(){testing::StaticAssertTypeEq < int ,T > ();}
};
TEST(TypeAssertionTest,Demo)
{
FooType < bool > fooType;
fooType.Bar();
}
十一、总结
本篇将常用的断言都介绍了一遍,内容比较多,有些还是很有用的。要真的到写案例的时候,也行只是一两种是最常用的,现在时知道有这么多种选择,以后 才方便查询。
作者:CoderZh (CoderZh的技术博客 - 博客园 )
出处:http://coderzh.cnblogs.com/
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