Java开源爬虫框架WebCollector—爬取新浪微博

本教程给出了一个使用WebCollector模拟登陆并爬取新浪微博的示例.登录过程中会出现验证码.如图所示：

1.依赖jar包：
本教程需要两套jar包，WebCollector核心jar包和selenium的jar包。
WebCollector最新jar包可在WebCollector github主页下载。
selenium的maven依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>2.44.0</version>
</dependency>

或者在百度网盘中链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dE9af3z 密码：4z2d

2.代码：
（1）利用Selenium获取登陆新浪微博weibo.cn的cookie(WeiboCN.java)
（2）利用WebCollector和获取的cookie爬取新浪微博并抽取数据(WeiboCrawler.java)
WeiboCN.java

package cn.edu.hfut.dmic.contentextractor;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.net.HttpRequest;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.net.HttpResponse;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

/**
 * 利用Selenium获取登陆新浪微博weibo.cn的cookie
 *
 * @author hu
 */
public class WeiboCN {

    /**
     * 获取新浪微博的cookie，这个方法针对weibo.cn有效，对weibo.com无效 weibo.cn以明文形式传输数据，请使用小号
     *
     * @param username 新浪微博用户名
     * @param password 新浪微博密码
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getSinaCookie(String username, String password) throws Exception {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
        driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
        driver.get("http://login.weibo.cn/login/");
        WebElement ele = driver.findElementByCssSelector("img");
        String src = ele.getAttribute("src");
        String cookie = concatCookie(driver);
        HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest(src);
        request.setCookie(cookie);
        HttpResponse response = request.getResponse();
        ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(response.getContent());
        BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(is);
        is.close();
        ImageIO.write(img, "png", new File("result.png"));
        String userInput = new CaptchaFrame(img).getUserInput();
        WebElement mobile = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=mobile]");
        mobile.sendKeys(username);
        WebElement pass = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name^=password]");
        pass.sendKeys(password);
        WebElement code = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=code]");
        code.sendKeys(userInput);
        WebElement rem = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=remember]");
        rem.click();
        WebElement submit = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=submit]");
        submit.click();
        String result = concatCookie(driver);
        driver.close();
        if (result.contains("gsid_CTandWM")) {
            return result;
        } else {
            throw new Exception("weibo login failed");
        }
    }

    public static String concatCookie(HtmlUnitDriver driver) {
        Set<Cookie> cookieSet = driver.manage().getCookies();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (Cookie cookie : cookieSet) {
            sb.append(cookie.getName() + "=" + cookie.getValue() + ";");
        }
        String result = sb.toString();
        return result;
    }

    public static class CaptchaFrame {

        JFrame frame;
        JPanel panel;
        JTextField input;
        int inputWidth = 100;
        BufferedImage img;
        String userInput = null;

        public CaptchaFrame(BufferedImage img) {
            this.img = img;
        }

        public String getUserInput() {
            frame = new JFrame("输入验证码");
            final int imgWidth = img.getWidth();
            final int imgHeight = img.getHeight();
            int width = imgWidth * 2 + inputWidth * 2;
            int height = imgHeight * 2+50;
            Dimension dim = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
            int startx = (dim.width - width) / 2;
            int starty = (dim.height - height) / 2;
            frame.setBounds(startx, starty, width, height);
            Container container = frame.getContentPane();
            container.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
            panel = new JPanel() {
                @Override
                public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
                    super.paintComponent(g);
                    g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, imgWidth * 2, imgHeight * 2, null);
                }
            };
            panel.setLayout(null);
            container.add(panel);
            input = new JTextField(6);
            input.setBounds(imgWidth * 2, 0, inputWidth, imgHeight * 2);
            panel.add(input);
            JButton btn = new JButton("登录");
            btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    userInput = input.getText().trim();
                    synchronized (CaptchaFrame.this) {
                        CaptchaFrame.this.notify();
                    }
                }
            });
            btn.setBounds(imgWidth * 2 + inputWidth, 0, inputWidth, imgHeight * 2);
            panel.add(btn);
            frame.setVisible(true);
            synchronized (this) {
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            frame.dispose();
            return userInput;
        }
    }

}

WeiboCrawler.java

package cn.edu.hfut.dmic.contentextractor;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.CrawlDatum;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.CrawlDatums;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.net.HttpRequest;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.net.HttpResponse;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.plugin.berkeley.BreadthCrawler;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;

/**
 * 利用WebCollector和获取的cookie爬取新浪微博并抽取数据
 * @author hu
 */
public class WeiboCrawler extends BreadthCrawler {

    String cookie;

    public WeiboCrawler(String crawlPath, boolean autoParse) throws Exception {
        super(crawlPath, autoParse);
        /*获取新浪微博的cookie，账号密码以明文形式传输，请使用小号*/
        cookie = WeiboCN.getSinaCookie("小号的账号", "小号的密码");
    }

    @Override
    public HttpResponse getResponse(CrawlDatum crawlDatum) throws Exception {
        HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest(crawlDatum);
        request.setCookie(cookie);
        return request.getResponse();
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Page page, CrawlDatums next) {
        int pageNum = Integer.valueOf(page.getMetaData("pageNum"));
        /*抽取微博*/
        Elements weibos = page.select("div.c");
        for (Element weibo : weibos) {
            System.out.println("第" + pageNum + "页\t" + weibo.text());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        WeiboCrawler crawler = new WeiboCrawler("weibo_crawler", false);
        crawler.setThreads(3);
        /*对某人微博前5页进行爬取*/
        for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
            crawler.addSeed(new CrawlDatum("http://weibo.cn/u/3865692567?vt=4&page=" + i)
                    .putMetaData("pageNum", i + ""));
        }
        crawler.start(1);
    }

}

这是对@最强大脑微博的爬取，通过修改爬取的页数，获取对应微博数据。在爬取的过程需要用户修改微博账号和密码，最好使用小号进行爬取，因为爬取过程使用明文传输。
运行后结果如图所示：

与其对应的网页如图所示：

我们可以通过修改如图所示的地址来爬取对应微博数据：

至此关于新浪微博的爬取就讲完了，希望对大家有所帮助！