VIC Classic——Soil Parameter File

土壤参数文件主要有三方面的用途：

• 定义每个网格单元ID值。这个ID值是数据库基础键，用它链接不同参数文件的参数。
• 定义网格单元土壤参数，还有地理信息比如网格单元的经度和纬度。
• 定义初始土壤湿度情况，在缺乏初始状态文件时使用。

土壤参数以单一的ASCII文件提供给VIC模型，每个网格单元单独的一行，每个域值包含不同的参数值。

不同的VIC模型设置所需的土壤水热参数列表如下。输入文件的所有列必须填写，但是特定参数只在全部能量或冻土模型激活的情况下需要。当FULL_ENERGY是TRUE时，标红的变量才有实际意义，否则它们会被忽略（但是一个占位符值-9999依然填充域名，直到文件明确的说该域是可选项）。标紫色的文本指示冻土模型所需参数。标题行可以#标识开始行。

在前面的版本中，特定参数是读取整个土壤列值的平均数。在版本4.0中，所有土壤参数值读取到各层。将旧版本模型的土壤参数文件转化，需要copy列平均值到每个土壤湿度层的单独列。

为了理解这个文件，示例文件在底层。

Column	Variable name	Units	Number of Values	Description
1	run_cell	N/A	1	1 = Run Grid Cell, 0 = Do Not Run
2	gridcel	N/A	1	Grid cell number
3	lat	degrees	1	Latitude of grid cell
4	lon	degrees	1	Longitude of grid cell
5	infilt	N/A	1	Variable infiltration curve parameter (binfilt)
6	Ds	fraction	1	Fraction of Dsmax where non-linear baseflow begins
7	Dsmax	mm/day	1	Maximum velocity of baseflow
8	Ws	fraction	1	Fraction of maximum soil moisture where non-linear baseflow occurs
9	c	N/A	1	Exponent used in baseflow curve, normally set to 2
10 : (Nlayer+9)	expt	N/A	Nlayer	Exponent n (=3+2/lambda) in Campbell's eqn for hydraulic conductivity, HBH 5.6 (where lambda = soil pore size distribution parameter). Values should be > 3.0.
(Nlayer+10):(2*Nlayer+9)	Ksat	mm/day	Nlayer	Saturated hydrologic conductivity
(2*Nlayer+10):(3*Nlayer+9)	phi_s	mm/mm	Nlayer	Soil moisture diffusion parameter
(3*Nlayer+10):(4*Nlayer+9)	init_moist	mm	Nlayer	Initial layer moisture content
(4*Nlayer+10)	elev	m	1	Average elevation of grid cell
(4*Nlayer+11):(5*Nlayer+10)	depth	m	Nlayer	Thickness of each soil moisture layer
(5*Nlayer+11)	avg_T	C	1	Average soil temperature, used as the bottom boundary for soil heat flux solutions
(5*Nlayer+12	dp	m	1	Soil thermal damping depth (depth at which soil temperature remains constant through the year, ~4 m)
(5*Nlayer+13):(6*Nlayer+12)	bubble	cm	Nlayer	Bubbling pressure of soil. Values should be > 0.
(6*Nlayer+13):(7*Nlayer+12)	quartz		Nlayer	Quartz content of soil
(7*Nlayer+13):(8*Nlayer+12)	bulk_density	kg/m3	Nlayer	Bulk density of soil layer
(8*Nlayer+13):(9*Nlayer+12)	soil_density	kg/m3	Nlayer	Soil particle density, normally 2685 kg/m3
(Optional)	organic	fraction	Nlayer	Fraction of soil layer that is organic. If ORGANIC_FRACT is TRUE in the global parameter file, this variable must be included in the soil parameter file. If ORGANIC_FRACT is FALSE then this variable must not appear in the soil parameter file. (release 4.1.2 and later)
(Optional)	bulk_dens_org	kg/m3	Nlayer	Bulk density of organic portion of soil. If ORGANIC_FRACT is TRUE in the global parameter file, this variable must be included in the soil parameter file. If ORGANIC_FRACT is FALSE then this variable must not appear in the soil parameter file. (release 4.1.2 and later)
(Optional)	soil_dens_org	kg/m3	Nlayer	Soil particle density of organic portion of soil, normally 1300 kg/m3. If ORGANIC_FRACT is TRUE in the global parameter file, this variable must be included in the soil parameter file. If ORGANIC_FRACT is FALSE then this variable must not appear in the soil parameter file. (release 4.1.2 and later)
(9*Nlayer+13)	off_gmt	hours	1	Time zone offset from GMT. This parameter determines how VIC interprets sub-daily time steps relative to the model start date and time. NOTE: Important update in VIC 4.1.2: We have adopted the following convention for off_gmt: ·  An off_gmt value of 0 indicates that the model start date/time is relative to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). ·  An off_gmt value of (grid_cell_longitude*24/360) indicates that the model start date/time is relative to local time. ·  When outputting sub-daily results, VIC's output files are referenced to the model start date/time; therefore they are controlled by off_gmt (off_gmt=0 means VIC results are referenced to GMT; off_gmt=(grid_cell_longitude*24/360) means VIC results are referenced to local time). ·  Daily supplied forcings are assumed to start/end at midnight in local time; the forcing start date/time is thus in local time. When VIC disaggregates daily forcings into sub-daily forcings, off_gmt will be used to determine the time lag between the start of the forcing's diurnal cycle and the start of the VIC simulation. ·  Sub-daily supplied forcings are assumed to occur relative to the time zone indicated by off_gmt. Therefore, if VIC outputs these sub-daily forcings, they will occur at the exact same time of day as in the input files. Therefore, if mixing daily and sub-daily forcing inputs, it is important that any sub-daily forcing inputs be shifted as necessary to be in the time zone indicated by off_gmt.
(9*Nlayer+14):(10*Nlayer+13)	Wcr_FRACT	fraction	Nlayer	Fractional soil moisture content at the critical point (~70% of field capacity) (fraction of maximum moisture)
(10*Nlayer+14):(11*Nlayers+13)	Wpwp_FRACT	fraction	Nlayer	Fractional soil moisture content at the wilting point (fraction of maximum moisture)
(11*Nlayer+14)	rough	m	1	Surface roughness of bare soil
(11*Nlayer+15)	snow_rough	m	1	Surface roughness of snowpack
(11*Nlayer+16)	annual_prec	mm	1	Average annual precipitation.
(11*Nlayer+17):(12*Nlayer+16)	resid_moist	fraction	Nlayer	Soil moisture layer residual moisture.
(12*Nlayer+17)	fs_active	1 or 0	1	If set to 1, then frozen soil algorithm is activated for the grid cell. A 0 indicates that frozen soils are not computed even if soil temperatures fall below 0C.
(Optional)	frost_slope	C	1	Slope of uniform distribution of soil temperature (if SPATIAL_FROST == TRUE in the global parameter file).
(Optional)	max_snow_distrib_slope	m	1	Maximum slope of the snow depth distribution. This is only used if SPATIAL_SNOW == TRUE in the global parameter file. This parameter should be set to twice the spatial average snow depth at which coverage == 1.0. In other words, if we define depth_thresh to be the minimum spatial average snow depth below which coverage < 1.0, then max_snow_distrib_slope = 2depth_thresh. NOTE*: Partial snow coverage is only computed when the snow pack has started melting and the spatial average snow pack depth <= max_snow_distrib_slope/2. During the accumulation season, coverage is 1.0. Even after the pack has started melting and depth <= max_snow_distrib_slope/2, new snowfall resets coverage to 1.0, and the previous partial coverage is stored. Coverage remains at 1.0 until the new snow has melted away, at which point the previous partial coverage is recovered.
(Optional)	July_Tavg	C	1	Average July air temperature, used for treeline computations (required if COMPUTE_TREELINE == TRUE in the global parameter file).

 

注意：如果在global parameter file中将BASEFLOW设置为NIJSSEN2001，VIC将基流参数Ds，Dsmax，Ws和c解译为可选基流参数D1,D2,D3和D4。

土壤参数文件示例：

土壤参数示例文件：VIC4.0.5/4.0.6水平衡

#RUN GRID LAT LNG INFILT Ds Ds_MAX Ws C EXPT_1 EXPT_2 EXPT_3 Ksat_1 Ksat_2 Ksat_3 PHI_1 PHI_2 PHI_3 MOIST_1 MOIST_2 MOIST_3 ELEV DEPTH_1 DEPTH_2 DEPTH_3 AVG_T DP BUBLE1 BUBLE2 BUBLE3 QUARZ1 QUARZ2 QUARZ3 BULKDN1 BULKDN2 BULKDN3 PARTDN1 PARTDN2 PARTDN3 OFF_GMT WcrFT1 WcrFT2 WcrFT3 WpFT1 WpFT2 WpFT3 Z0_SOIL Z0_SNOW PRCP RESM1 RESM2 RESM3 FS_ACTV JULY_TAVG

1 7 43.739 -92.4.0 0.010 1.e-4 3.05 0.93 2 4.0 4.0 4.0 250.0 250.0 250.0 -999 -999 -999 0.4 0.4 0.4 306.3 0.1 6.90 2.000 14.0 4.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 0.24 0.24 0.24 1306 1367 1367 2650 2650 2650 -6 0.330 0.330 0.330 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.001 0.010 500 0.02 0.02 0.02 1 18.665