NIO之通道(Channel)
通道(Channel)
通道(Channel):由 java.nio.channels 包定义的。Channel 表示 IO 源与目标打开的连接。Channel 类似于传统的“流”。只不过 Channel
本身不能直接访问数据,Channel 只能与Buffer 进行交互。
IO与NIO通道概念的区别
- IO
- NIO
Channel的实现类
Java 为 Channel 接口提供的最主要实现类如下:
• FileChannel:用于读取、写入、映射和操作文件的通道。
• DatagramChannel:通过 UDP 读写网络中的数据通道。
• SocketChannel:通过 TCP 读写网络中的数据。
• ServerSocketChannel:可以监听新进来的 TCP 连接,对每一个新进来的连接都会创建一个 SocketChannel。
获取通道
获取通道的一种方式是对支持通道的对象调用
Java 针对支持通道的类提供了 getChannel() 方法。
支持通道的类如下:
本地 IO
• FileInputStream/FileOutputStream
• RandomAccessFile
网络IO
• DatagramSocket
• Socket
• ServerSocket
在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 针对各个通道提供了静态方法 open()
FileChannel.open(Path path, OpenOption… options)
在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具类的 newByteChannel()
直接缓冲区
MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode mode, long position, long size)
通道之间的数据传输
- transferFrom()
- transferTo()
分散(Scatter)与聚集(Gather)
- 分散读取(Scattering Reads):将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
- 聚集写入(Gathering Writes):将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中
字符集:Charset
- 编码:字符串 -> 字节数组
- 解码:字节数组 -> 字符串
public class TestChannel {
//字符集
@Test
public void test6() throws IOException{
Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");
//获取编码器
CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
//获取解码器
CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
cBuf.put("尚硅谷威武!");
cBuf.flip();
//编码
ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf);
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
System.out.println(bBuf.get());
}
//解码
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("GBK");
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());
}
@Test
public void test5(){
Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();
Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
}
}
//分散和聚集
@Test
public void test4() throws IOException{
RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
//1. 获取通道
FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();
//2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//3. 分散读取
ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2};
channel1.read(bufs);
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
byteBuffer.flip();
}
System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit()));
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit()));
//4. 聚集写入
RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();
channel2.write(bufs);
}
//通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区)
@Test
public void test3() throws IOException{
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
// inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);
outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
}
//使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件)
@Test
public void test2() throws IOException{//2127-1902-1777
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
//内存映射文件
MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());
//直接对缓冲区进行数据的读写操作
byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
inMappedBuf.get(dst);
outMappedBuf.put(dst);
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start));
}
//利用通道完成文件的复制(非直接缓冲区)
@Test
public void test1(){//10874-10953
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileInputStream fis = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
//①获取通道
FileChannel inChannel = null;
FileChannel outChannel = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream("d:/1.mkv");
fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/2.mkv");
inChannel = fis.getChannel();
outChannel = fos.getChannel();
//②分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//③将通道中的数据存入缓冲区中
while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
buf.flip(); //切换读取数据的模式
//④将缓冲区中的数据写入通道中
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear(); //清空缓冲区
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(outChannel != null){
try {
outChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inChannel != null){
try {
inChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(fos != null){
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(fis != null){
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start));
}
}