Head First 设计模式（5）：单件模式

单件模式：确保一个类只有一个实例，并提供一个全局访问点

1、经典实现：

package headfirst.designpatterns.singleton.classic;

// NOTE: This is not thread safe!

public class Singleton {
	private static Singleton uniqueInstance;
 
	private Singleton() {}
 
	public static Singleton getInstance() {
		if (uniqueInstance == null) {
			uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
		}
		return uniqueInstance;
	}
 
	// other useful methods here
	public String getDescription() {
		return "I'm a classic Singleton!";
	}
}

public class SingletonClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();
        System.out.println(singleton.getDescription());
    }
}

2、同步解决多线程问题

package headfirst.designpatterns.singleton.threadsafe;

public class Singleton {
	private static Singleton uniqueInstance;
 
	// other useful instance variables here
 
	private Singleton() {}
 
	public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
		if (uniqueInstance == null) {
			uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
		}
		return uniqueInstance;
	}
 
	// other useful methods here
	public String getDescription() {
		return "I'm a thread safe Singleton!";
	}
}

3、早创建单件

package headfirst.designpatterns.singleton.stat;

public class Singleton {
	private static Singleton uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
 
	private Singleton() {}
 
	public static Singleton getInstance() {
		return uniqueInstance;
	}
	
	// other useful methods here
	public String getDescription() {
		return "I'm a statically initialized Singleton!";
	}
}

4、双重检查加速同步效率

package headfirst.designpatterns.singleton.dcl;

//
// Danger!  This implementation of Singleton not
// guaranteed to work prior to Java 5
//

public class Singleton {
	private volatile static Singleton uniqueInstance;
 
	private Singleton() {}
 
	public static Singleton getInstance() {
		if (uniqueInstance == null) {
			synchronized (Singleton.class) {
				if (uniqueInstance == null) {
					uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
				}
			}
		}
		return uniqueInstance;
	}
}