OSPF综合实验

一、实验拓扑

• 二、实验要求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；

5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；

6、全网可达；

三、实验思路

1、基于172.16.0.0/16网段划分六个大网段，分配给六个区域，

2、公网通

3、私网通：

开启OSPF

宣告

路由引入：

4.公网、私网互通：

建立隧道

进入OSPF进程宣告隧道（点对点）

取消分站点选举资格：ospf dr-priority

解决建邻问题（更改点对点）：ospf network-type b

（R9）路由引入：ospf 1

Import-route ospf 2

5.easy ip

6.减少LSA的更新量：

做路由聚合：（优化骨干区域）

ABR聚合：[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]abr-summary 192.168.0.0 255.255.252.0

ASBR聚合：[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]abr-summary 192.168.0.0 255.255.252.0

特殊区域：（优化非骨干区域）

完全stub：[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]stub no-summary

完全NSSA：[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

给R10下发缺省：[R9]ospf 2

Default-route-advertise

7、hello：

命令：ospf timer hello 5

8.作区域认证

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

四、实验步骤

1. 配置IP地址

R1

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

R2

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24

R3

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24

R4

[R4]int s4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1

[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0

[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24

R5

[R5]int s4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24

[R5-Serial4/0/0]int lo0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24

R6

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24

[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30

[R6]int lo0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24

R7

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24

R8

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24

R9

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24

R10

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24

R11

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24

R12

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24

[R12-LoopBack0]int lo1

[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24

2、公网通

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

1. 开启OSPF进程，宣告网段

area 1

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

Area 0

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

area 2

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0

[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

RIP

[R12]rip 1

[R12-rip-1]v 2

[R12-rip-1]undo summary

[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

area 3

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

area 4

[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-2]a 4

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255

[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10

[R10-ospf-2]a 4

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

4、创建隧道，开启伪广播

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

1. 宣告隧道

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]ospf 1

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

1. 关闭隧道点对点

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type  broadcast

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

1. 取消分站点选举资格

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

1. R9路由引入

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[R9-ospf-1]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 

1. easy ip

[R3]acl 2000

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R3-acl-basic-2000]q

[R3]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R5]acl 2000

[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R5-acl-basic-2000]q

[R5]int s4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R6]acl 2000

[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R6-acl-basic-2000]q

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R7]acl 2000

[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R7-acl-basic-2000]q

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

1. 路由聚合------ABR、ASBR（优化骨干区域）

ABR聚合：

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

ASBR聚合

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

注：路由聚合极大的精简了area 0 区域，但其它区域并没有得到极大的精简（解决方法：配置特殊区域）

1. 特殊区域（能够将LSA更新量以及将路由器的路由表精简到极致的只有完全末梢区域（totally ATUB）和完全非纯末梢区域（totally NSSA））

area 1：

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

area 2：

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R11]ospf 1

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1] a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

area 3：

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R8]ospf 1

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

1. 给R10下发缺省

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

1. 加快收敛，配置hello时间

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R4-ISP]int s4/0/0

[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R5]int s4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1

[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0

[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R4-ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

1. 保障更新安全-------作区域认证

area 1：

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

area 0：

[R3-ospf-1]a 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R4-ISP]ospf 1

[R4-ISP-ospf-1]a 0

[R4-ISP-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R5]ospf 1

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

Area 2:

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R11]ospf 1

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

Area 3:

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R8]ospf 1

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

Area 4:

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]a 4

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R10]ospf 2

[R10-ospf-2]a 4

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

五、实验测试