Java学习笔记<7>IO

Java流原理

 

 

 

 

 

 

流的分类

 

<1>按数据的流向可以分为输入流和输出流

<2>按处理数据单位的不同可以分为字节流和字符流（2字节）

<3>按功能的不同可以分为节点流和处理流

 

Java提供的所有流类型位于java.io包内，分别继承以下四种抽象流类型

 

 

 

 

 

节点流和处理流：

 

 

 

 

 

四种抽象流类型

 

 

InputStream

 

分类：

 

 

 

基本方法：

 

 

 

 

 

OutputStream

 

分类：

 

 

 

基本方法：

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reader

 

分类：

 

 

 

基本方法：

 

 

 

 

 

Writer

 

分类：

 

 

 

基本方法：

 

 

 

 

 

节点流类型

 

 

 

举例：

<1>FileInputStream

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileInputStream {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int b = 0;
    FileInputStream in = null;
    try {
      in = new FileInputStream                              ("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\java_test\\TestFileInputStream.java");
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println("找不到指定文件"); 
      System.exit(-1);
    }

    try {
      long num = 0;
      while((b=in.read())!=-1){
        System.out.print((char)b); 
        num++;
      }
      in.close();  
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println("共读取了 "+num+" 个字节");
    } catch (IOException e1) {
      System.out.println("文件读取错误"); System.exit(-1);
    }
  }
}

 

 

<2>FileOutputStream

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileInputStream {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int b = 0;
    FileInputStream in = null;
    try {
      in = new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\java_test\\TestFileInputStream.java");
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println("找不到指定文件"); 
      System.exit(-1);
    }

    try {
      long num = 0;
      while((b=in.read())!=-1){
        System.out.print((char)b); 
        num++;
      }
      in.close();  
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println("共读取了 "+num+" 个字节");
    } catch (IOException e1) {
      System.out.println("文件读取错误"); System.exit(-1);
    }
  }
}

<3>FileReader

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileReader {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    FileReader fr = null; 
    int c = 0;
    try {
      fr = new FileReader("d:\\share\\java\\io\\TestFileReader.java");
      int ln = 0;
      while ((c = fr.read()) != -1) {
        //char ch = (char) fr.read();
        System.out.print((char)c);
        //if (++ln >= 100) { System.out.println(); ln = 0;}
      }
      fr.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println("找不到指定文件");
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("文件读取错误");
    }

  }
}

<4>FileWriter

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileWriter {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    FileWriter fw = null;
    try {
      fw = new FileWriter("d:\\bak\\unicode.dat");
      for(int c=0;c<=50000;c++){
        fw.write(c);
      }
      fw.close();
    } catch (IOException e1) {
    	e1.printStackTrace();
      System.out.println("文件写入错误");
      System.exit(-1);
    }
  }
}

<5>Reader and Writer

import java.io.*;

public class TestFileWriter2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		FileReader fr = new FileReader("d:/java/io/TestFileWriter2.java");
		FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("d:/java/io/TestFileWriter2.bak");
		int b;
		while((b = fr.read()) != -1) {
			fw.write(b);
		}
		fr.close();
		fw.close();
	}
}

 

 

 

 

 

 

处理流类型

 

 

 

 

 

缓冲流

 

 

 

举例：

 

<1>BufferedInputStream

 

import java.io.*;
public class TestBufferStream1 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      FileInputStream fis = 
              new FileInputStream("d:\\share\\java\\HelloWorld.java");
      BufferedInputStream bis = 
              new BufferedInputStream(fis);
      int c = 0;
      System.out.println(bis.read());
      System.out.println(bis.read());
      bis.mark(100);
      for(int i=0;i<=10 && (c=bis.read())!=-1;i++){
        System.out.print((char)c+" ");
      }
      System.out.println(); 
      bis.reset();
      for(int i=0;i<=10 && (c=bis.read())!=-1;i++){
        System.out.print((char)c+" ");
      }
      bis.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
  }
}

 

<2>Buffered Reader and Buffered Writer

 

import java.io.*;
public class TestBufferStream2 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("d:\\share\\java\\dat2.txt"));
      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
             new FileReader("d:\\share\\java\\dat2.txt"));
      String s = null;
      for(int i=1;i<=100;i++){
        s = String.valueOf(Math.random());
        bw.write(s);
        bw.newLine();
      }
      bw.flush();
      while((s=br.readLine())!=null){
        System.out.println(s);
      }
      bw.close(); 
      br.close();
    } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();}
  }
}

 

 

 

 

 

转换流

 

 

 

 

 举例：

 

<1>OutputStreamWriter

import java.io.*;
public class TestTransForm1 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(
           new FileOutputStream("d:\\bak\\char.txt"));
      osw.write("mircosoftibmsunapplehp");
      System.out.println(osw.getEncoding());
      osw.close();
      osw = new OutputStreamWriter(
      								new FileOutputStream("d:\\bak\\char.txt", true),
      								"ISO8859_1"); // latin-1
      osw.write("mircosoftibmsunapplehp");
      System.out.println(osw.getEncoding());
      osw.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

 

 

<2>InputStreamReader

import java.io.*;
public class TestTransForm2 {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    InputStreamReader isr = 
            new InputStreamReader(System.in);
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
    String s = null;
    try {
      s = br.readLine();
      while(s!=null){
        if(s.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) break;
        System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
        s = br.readLine();
      }
      br.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
} //阻塞

 

 

 

数据流

 

 

 

 

 

举例：

<1>DataOutputStream

import java.io.*;
public class TestDataStream {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = 
                        new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 
    DataOutputStream dos = 
                        new DataOutputStream(baos);
    try {
      dos.writeDouble(Math.random());
      dos.writeBoolean(true);
      ByteArrayInputStream bais = 
          new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
      System.out.println(bais.available());
      DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bais);
      System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
      System.out.println(dis.readBoolean());
      dos.close();  dis.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

 

 

 

 

 

Print流

 

 

 

 

 

 

举例：

<1>PrintStream

import java.io.*;
public class TestPrintStream1 { 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    PrintStream ps = null;
    try {
      FileOutputStream fos = 
              new FileOutputStream("d:\\bak\\log.dat");
      ps = new PrintStream(fos);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    if(ps != null){
      System.setOut(ps);
    }
    int ln = 0;
    for(char c = 0; c <= 60000; c++){
      System.out.print(c+ " ");
      if(ln++ >=100){ System.out.println(); ln = 0;}
    }
  }
}

 

<2>PrintWriter

import java.util.*; 
import java.io.*;
public class TestPrintStream3 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s = null;
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
                        new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    try {
      FileWriter fw = new FileWriter
                           ("d:\\bak\\logfile.log", true); //Log4J
      PrintWriter log = new PrintWriter(fw);
      while ((s = br.readLine())!=null) {
        if(s.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) break;
        System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
        log.println("-----");
        log.println(s.toUpperCase()); 
        log.flush();
      }
      log.println("==="+new Date()+"==="); 
      log.flush();
      log.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

 

object流

 

举例：

import java.io.*;

public class TestObjectIO {
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
		T t = new T();
		t.k = 8;
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/share/java/io/testobjectio.dat");
		ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
		oos.writeObject(t);
		oos.flush();
		oos.close();
		
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d:/share/java/io/testobjectio.dat");
		ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
		T tReaded = (T)ois.readObject();
		System.out.println(tReaded.i + " " + tReaded.j + " " + tReaded.d + " " + tReaded.k);
		
	}
}

class T 
	implements Serializable
{
	int i = 10;
	int j = 9;
	double d = 2.3;
	transient int k = 15;
}

<1>Object流输出对象的类要实现Serializable接口，实现可序列化

<2>transient关键字声明的，在序列化时忽略