条款8:撰写operator new和operator delete时应遵行的公约

1,写自己的operator new时,函数的行为与缺省的new保持一致性.
(1)内存不足时,会调用一个new-handler.
(2)应对new(0)的情况.
(3)避免遮盖"正常"形式的new.

2,C++标准要求:即使用户要求一个0 bytes内存,operator new也应该传回一个合法指针.
注:每个class都有非零大小.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
class X
{
};

int main ()
{
    cout<<sizeof(X)<<endl; //输出1
	  return 0 ; 
}

3,如果配置不成功,operator new会一再尝试配置内存,调用错误处理函数.
只有当错误处理函数的指针是null时,operator new才会抛出一个exception.
一个默认operator new的伪代码:

void* operator new(size_t size)
{
    if(size==0)
        size=1;
    while(true)  //死循环
    {
        attempt to allocate size memory;
        if(successful)
            return(a pointer to the memory);

        //不成功,调用错误处理函数  抛出异常或abort()跳出循环

        //得到错误处理函数
        new_handler globalHander =set_new_handler(0);
        set_new_handler(globalHander);

        if(globalHander)
            (*globalHander)();
        else
            throw std::bad_alloc();
    }
}

4,
non-member operator delete的伪码:

void operator delete(void* rawMemory)
{
    if(rawMemory==0) return;//删除NULL指针,什么也不做.
    Deallocate the memory pointed to by rawMemory.
    return;
}

member operator delete的伪码:

void Base::operator delete(void* rawMemory,size_t size)
{
    if(rawMemory==0) return;//删除NULL指针,什么也不做.
    if(size!=sizeof(Base))
    {
        ::operator delete(rawMemory); //令标准版delete处理
        return;
    }
    Deallocate the memory pointed to by rawMemory.
    return;
}