C语言字符串函数详解(转）

介绍比较详细，而且文章很长，建议ctrl+f来查找

函数名: stpcpy 

功  能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 

用  法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char string[10]; 

   char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 

   stpcpy(string, str1); 

   printf("%sn", string); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strcat 

功  能: 字符串拼接函数 

用  法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char destination[25]; 

   char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 

   strcpy(destination, Borland); 

   strcat(destination, blank); 

   strcat(destination, c); 

   printf("%sn", destination); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strchr 

功  能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处 

用  法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

 { 

    char string[15]; 

    char *ptr, c = 'r'; 

    strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 

    ptr = strchr(string, c); 

    if (ptr) 

       printf("The character %c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string); 

    else 

       printf("The character was not foundn"); 

    return 0; 

 } 

  

  

  

函数名: strcmp 

功  能: 串比较 

用  法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); 

看Asic码，str1>str2，返回值 > 0；两串相等，返回0

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

 { 

    char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; 

    int ptr; 

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); 

    if (ptr > 0) 

       printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

    else 

       printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 

    if (ptr > 0) 

       printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n"); 

    else 

       printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n"); 

    return 0; 

 } 

  

  

  

函数名: strncmpi 

功  能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 

用  法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 

   int ptr; 

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr < 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr == 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strcpy 

功  能: 串拷贝 

用  法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

 { 

    char string[10]; 

    char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 

    strcpy(string, str1); 

    printf("%sn", string); 

    return 0; 

 } 

  

  

  

函数名: strcspn 

功  能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 

用  法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

#include <alloc.h> 

int main(void) 

 { 

    char *string1 = "1234567890"; 

    char *string2 = "747DC8"; 

    int length; 

    length = strcspn(string1, string2); 

    printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %dn", length); 

    return 0; 

 } 

  

  

  

函数名: strdup 

功  能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 

用  法: char *strdup(char *str); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

#include <alloc.h> 

int main(void) 

 { 

    char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 

    dup_str = strdup(string); 

    printf("%sn", dup_str); 

    free(dup_str); 

    return 0; 

 } 

  

  

  

函数名: stricmp 

功  能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 

用  法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 

   int ptr; 

   ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr < 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr == 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

函数名: strerror 

功  能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 

用  法: char *strerror(int errnum); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <errno.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *buffer; 

   buffer = strerror(errno); 

   printf("Error: %sn", buffer); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strcmpi 

功  能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 

用  法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 

   int ptr; 

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr < 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr == 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strncmp 

功  能: 串比较 

用  法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int  main(void) 

{ 

   char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; 

   int ptr; 

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

   else 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n"); 

   else 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n"); 

   return(0); 

} 

  

  

函数名: strncmpi 

功  能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 

用  法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 

   int ptr; 

   ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr < 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr == 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

函数名: strncpy 

功  能: 串拷贝 

用  法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char string[10]; 

   char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 

   strncpy(string, str1, 3); 

   string[3] = ''; 

   printf("%sn", string); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

函数名: strnicmp 

功  能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 

用  法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 

   int ptr; 

   ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 

   if (ptr > 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr < 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); 

   if (ptr == 0) 

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strnset 

功  能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 

用  法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 

   char letter = 'x'; 

   printf("string before strnset: %sn", string); 

   strnset(string, letter, 13); 

   printf("string after  strnset: %sn", string); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

函数名: strpbrk 

功  能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 

用  法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 

   char *string2 = "onm"; 

   char *ptr; 

   ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 

   if (ptr) 

      printf("strpbrk found first character: %cn", *ptr); 

   else 

      printf("strpbrk didn't find character in setn"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strrchr 

功  能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 

用  法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char string[15]; 

   char *ptr, c = 'r'; 

   strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 

   ptr = strrchr(string, c); 

   if (ptr) 

      printf("The character %c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string); 

   else 

      printf("The character was not foundn"); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strrev 

功  能: 串倒转 

用  法: char *strrev(char *str); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *forward = "string"; 

   printf("Before strrev(): %sn", forward); 

   strrev(forward); 

   printf("After strrev():  %sn", forward); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

函数名: strset 

功  能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 

用  法: char *strset(char *str, char c); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char string[10] = "123456789"; 

   char symbol = 'c'; 

   printf("Before strset(): %sn", string); 

   strset(string, symbol); 

   printf("After strset():  %sn", string); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strspn 

功  能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现 

用  法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

#include <alloc.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *string1 = "1234567890"; 

   char *string2 = "123DC8"; 

   int length; 

   length = strspn(string1, string2); 

   printf("Character where strings differ is at position %dn", length); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

函数名: strstr 

功  能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 

用  法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 

   ptr = strstr(str1, str2); 

   printf("The substring is: %sn", ptr); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

函数名: strtod 

功  能: 将字符串转换为double型值 

用  法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <stdlib.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char input[80], *endptr; 

   double value; 

   printf("Enter a floating point number:"); 

   gets(input); 

   value = strtod(input, &endptr); 

   printf("The string is %s the number is %lfn", input, value); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strtok 

功  能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 

用  法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); 

程序例: 

#include <string.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char input[16] = "abc,d"; 

   char *p; 

    

   p = strtok(input, ","); 

   if (p)   printf("%sn", p); 

    

   p = strtok(NULL, ","); 

   if (p)   printf("%sn", p); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: strtol 

功  能: 将串转换为长整数 

用  法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); 

程序例: 

#include <stdlib.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *string = "87654321", *endptr; 

   long lnumber; 

    

   lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); 

   printf("string = %s  long = %ldn", string, lnumber); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

函数名: strupr 

功  能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 

用  法: char *strupr(char *str); 

程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

int main(void) 

{ 

   char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 

    

   ptr = strupr(string); 

   printf("%sn", ptr); 

   return 0; 

} 

  

  

  

函数名: swab 

功  能: 交换字节 

用  法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 

程序例: 

#include <stdlib.h> 

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <string.h> 

char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 

char target[15]; 

int main(void) 

{ 

   swab(source, target, strlen(source)); 

   printf("This is target: %sn", target); 

   return 0; 

}

isalpha()是字符函数，不是字符串函数， 

  原型：extern int isalpha(int c);

  

  用法：#include <ctype.h>

  

  功能：判断字符c是否为英文字母

  

  说明：当c为英文字母a-z或A-Z时，返回非零值，否则返回零。

  

  举例：

      // isalpha.c

      

      #include <syslib.h>

      #include <ctype.h>

      #include <stdio.h>

      main()

      {

        int c;

        

        clrscr();        // clear screen

        printf("Press a key");

        for(;;)

        {

          c=getchar();

          clrscr();

          printf("%c: %s letter",c,isalpha(c)?"is":"not");

        }

        return 0; // just to avoid warnings by compiler

      }