rand()和srand()函数

rand()

    Generates a pseudorandom number. A more secure version of this function is available, see rand_s.

                   int rand( void );

     Return Value

                   rand returns a pseudorandom number, as described above. There is no error return.

     Remarks

                  The rand function returns a pseudorandom integer in the range 0 to RAND_MAX (32767). 
                  Use the srand function to seed the pseudorandom-number generator before calling rand.
     Requirements
 
                  <stdlib.h>
     Example
                   // crt_rand.c
// This program seeds the random-number generator
// with the time, then exercises the rand function.
//

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

void SimpleRandDemo( int n )
{
   // Print n random numbers.
   int i;
   for( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
      printf( "  %6d/n", rand() );
}

void RangedRandDemo( int range_min, int range_max, int n )
{
   // Generate random numbers in the half-closed interval
   // [range_min, range_max). In other words,
   // range_min <= random number < range_max
   int i;
   for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
   {
      int u = (double)rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1) * (range_max - range_min)
            + range_min;
      printf( "  %6d/n", u);
   }
}

int main( void )
{
   // Seed the random-number generator with the current time so that
   // the numbers will be different every time we run.
   srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );

   SimpleRandDemo( 10 );
   printf("/n");
   RangedRandDemo( -100, 100, 10 );
} 
 
 
srand()    
     Sets a random starting point.                        
 
 
             void srand(
                unsigned int seed 
              );


     Parameters  
               seed

               Seed for random-number generation

     Remarks            

 
 

  
  
   
                  The srand function sets the starting point for generating a series of pseudorandom integers 
  
  
  
  
   
   
               in the current thread. To reinitialize the generator, use 1 as the seed argument. Any other

  
  
  
  
   
   
               value for seed sets the generator to a random starting point. rand retrieves the pseudorandom

  
  
  
  
   
   
               numbers that are generated. Calling rand before any call to srand generates the same sequence 

  
  
  
  
   
   
               as calling srand with seed passed as 1.

  
  
  
  
   
   
      Requirements

  
  
  
  
   
   
               <stdlib.h>