WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准,通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块。在Android SDK中并没有提供调用WebService的库,因此,需要使用第三方的SDK来调用WebService。PC版本的WEbservice客户端库非常丰富,例如Axis2,CXF等,但这些开发包对于Android系统过于庞大,也未必很容易移植到Android系统中。因此,这些开发包并不是在我们的考虑范围内。适合手机的WebService客户端的SDK有一些,比较常用的有Ksoap2,可以从http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/downloads/list进行下载;将下载的ksoap2-android-assembly-2.4-jar-with-dependencies.jar包复制到Eclipse工程的lib目录中,当然也可以放在其他的目录里。同时在Eclipse工程中引用这个jar包。
具体调用WebService的方法为:
(1)指定WebService的命名空间和方法名,如:
SoapOject request = new SoapObject(http://service,"getName");
SoapObject类的第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间,可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。
(2)设置调用方法的参数值,如果没有参数,可以省略,设置方法的参数值的代码如下:
request.addProperty("param1","value");
request.addProperty("param2","value");
要注意的是,addProperty方法的第1个参数虽然表示调用方法的参数名,但该参数值并不一定与服务端的WebService类中的方法参数名一致,只要设置参数的顺序一致即可。
(3)生成调用Webservice方法的SOAP请求信息。该信息由SoapSerializationEnvelope对象描述,代码为:
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut = request;
创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象时需要通过SoapSerializationEnvelope类的构造方法设置SOAP协议的版本号。该版本号需要根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。在创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象后,不要忘了设置SOAPSoapSerializationEnvelope类的bodyOut属性,该属性的值就是在第一步创建的SoapObject对象。
(4)创建HttpTransportsSE对象。通过HttpTransportsSE类的构造方法可以指定WebService的WSDL文档的URL:
HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE("http://192.168.18.17:80/axis2/service/SearchNewsService?wsdl");
(5)使用call方法调用WebService方法,代码:
ht.call(null,envelope);
Call方法的第一个参数一般为null,第2个参数就是在第3步创建的SoapSerializationEnvelope对象。
(6)使用getResponse方法获得WebService方法的返回结果,代码:
SoapObject soapObject = (SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
以下为简单的实现一个天气查看功能的例子:
public class WebService extends Activity{
private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";
private static final String METHOD_NAME = "getWeatherbyCityName";
private String URL = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
private static String SOAP_ACTION = "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName";
private String weatherToday;
private Button okButton;
private SoapObject detail;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
okButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.ok);
okButton.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View v){
showWeather();
}
});
}
private void showWeather(){
String city = "武汉";
getWeather(city);
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public void getWeather(String cityName){
try{
System.out.println("rpc------");
SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE,METHOD_NAME);
System.out.println("rpc"+rpc);
System.out.println("cityName is "+cityName);
rpc.addProperty("theCityName",cityName);
AndroidHttpTransport ht = new AndroidHttpTransport(URL);
ht.debug = true;
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
envelope.dotNet = true;
envelope.setOutoutSoapObject(rpc);
ht.call(null,envelope);
SoapObject result = (SoapObject)envelope.bodyIn;
detail = (SoapObject)result.getProperty("getWeatherbyCityNameResult");
System.out.println("result"+result);
System.out.println("detail"+detail);
Toast.makeText(WebService.this,detail.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
parseWeather(detail);
return;
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void parseWeather(SoapObject detail)throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
String date = detail.getProperty(6).toString();
weatherToday = "今天:"+date.split("")[0];
weatherToday = weatherToday+"\n天气:"+date.split("")[1];
weatherToday = weatherToday+"\n气温:"+detail.getProperty(5).toString();
weatherToday = weatherToday+"\n风力:"+detail.getProperty(7).toString()+"\n";
System.out.println("weatherToday is "+weatherToday);
Toast.makeText(WebService.this, weatherToday,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}