Android UI开发详解之模板控件的复用

Android的UI设计一直是Android程序员比较苦恼的一件事，本文主要讲解如何将一些模板类控件进行复用，从而简化UI的开发。

如图：

我们很多程序的界面中，顶部的TopBar是不变的，所以，我们可以做一个公用的控件模板，每次使用时，只要设置相应的参数，就能生成这样一个TopBar。

模板控件实现方法：

package com.xys.multiplexedmodule;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.text.TextUtils.TruncateAt;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MultipleTopBar extends RelativeLayout{
	
	private Button btn_left;
	private Button btn_right;
	private TextView tv_title;
	
	private TopBarClickListener topBarClickListener;
	private String str_title;
	
	private RelativeLayout.LayoutParams leftButtonLayoutParams;
	private RelativeLayout.LayoutParams rightButtonLayoutParams;
	private RelativeLayout.LayoutParams tvTitleLayoutParams;
	
	private static int leftBtnId=1;
	private static int titleTvId=2;
	private static int rightBtnId=3;
	
	private Drawable leftBtnBackground;
	private Drawable rightBtnBackground;
	
	private String str_LeftBtn;
	private String str_RightBtn;
	private int leftBtnColor;
	private int rightBtnColor;
	private int titleTvColor;
	
	private float titleTextSize;
	
	public MultipleTopBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		//从参数列表中获取参数
		//TypedArray实例是个属性的容器，context.obtainStyledAttributes()方法返回得到。AttributeSet是节点的属性集合
		//第二个参数为 为获取到值时的默认值
		TypedArray ta=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.TopBar);
		this.str_title=ta.getString(R.styleable.TopBar_title);
		this.leftBtnBackground=ta.getDrawable(R.styleable.TopBar_leftBackground);
		this.rightBtnBackground=ta.getDrawable(R.styleable.TopBar_rightBackground);
		this.str_LeftBtn=ta.getString(R.styleable.TopBar_leftText);
		this.str_RightBtn=ta.getString(R.styleable.TopBar_rightText);
		this.leftBtnColor=ta.getColor(R.styleable.TopBar_leftTextColor, 0);
		this.rightBtnColor=ta.getColor(R.styleable.TopBar_rightTextColor, 0);
		this.titleTextSize=ta.getDimension(R.styleable.TopBar_titleTextSize, 14);
		this.titleTvColor=ta.getColor(R.styleable.TopBar_titleTextColor, 0);
		
		ta.recycle();
		
		btn_left=new Button(context);
		btn_right=new Button(context);
		tv_title=new TextView(context);
		
		btn_left.setId(leftBtnId);
		btn_right.setId(rightBtnId);
		tv_title.setId(titleTvId);
		
		//为组件配置布局参数
		leftButtonLayoutParams=new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		rightButtonLayoutParams=new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		tvTitleLayoutParams=new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		
		leftButtonLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_LEFT,RelativeLayout.TRUE);
		leftButtonLayoutParams.setMargins(12, 0, 0, 0);//左上右下
		leftButtonLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL, RelativeLayout.TRUE);
        
		rightButtonLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT,RelativeLayout.TRUE);
		rightButtonLayoutParams.setMargins(0, 0, 12, 0);//左上右下
		rightButtonLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL, RelativeLayout.TRUE);
        
		tvTitleLayoutParams.setMargins(12, 0, 12, 0);//左上右下
		tvTitleLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL, RelativeLayout.TRUE);
		tvTitleLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.LEFT_OF, rightBtnId);
		tvTitleLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.RIGHT_OF, leftBtnId);
		//tvTitleLayoutParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_IN_PARENT, RelativeLayout.TRUE);
		tv_title.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
		tv_title.setBackgroundColor(leftBtnColor);
        
        addView(btn_left, leftButtonLayoutParams);
        addView(btn_right,rightButtonLayoutParams);
        addView(tv_title,tvTitleLayoutParams);
        
        //btn_left.setBackgroundDrawable(leftBtnBackground);
        btn_left.setText(str_LeftBtn);
        btn_left.setTextColor(leftBtnColor);
        //btn_right.setBackgroundDrawable(rightBtnBackground);
        btn_right.setText(str_RightBtn);
        btn_right.setTextColor(rightBtnColor);
        
        tv_title.setTextSize(22.0f);
        tv_title.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
        tv_title.setEllipsize(TruncateAt.MIDDLE);
        tv_title.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL|Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL);
        tv_title.setSingleLine(true);
        tv_title.setText(str_title);
        tv_title.setTextSize(titleTextSize);
        tv_title.setTextColor(titleTvColor);
        
        btn_left.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
				@Override
				public void onClick(View v) {
					// TODO Auto-generated method stub
					if(topBarClickListener!=null){
                        topBarClickListener.leftBtnClick();
                }
				}
        });
        
        btn_right.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                        if(topBarClickListener!=null){
                                topBarClickListener.rightBtnClick();
                        }
                }
        });
		
	}
	
	/*
	 * 单击监听事件
	 */
	public void setTopBarClickListener(TopBarClickListener topBarClickListener){
		this.topBarClickListener=topBarClickListener;
	}
}

监听接口：

package com.xys.multiplexedmodule;

public interface TopBarClickListener {

	void leftBtnClick();
	void rightBtnClick();
}

对我们自定义的模板控件，我们需要设定他的一些参数，在Values下新建attrs.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!--declare-styleable：自定义属性的值  -->
    <declare-styleable name="TopBar">
        <attr name="title" format="string" />
        <attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension" />
        <attr name="titleTextColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="leftTextColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="leftBackground" format="string" />
        <attr name="leftText" format="string" />
        <attr name="rightTextColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="rightBackground" format="string" />
        <attr name="rightText" format="string" />
    </declare-styleable>

</resources>

现在我们就已经做好了一个模板，我们要如何使用他呢，很简单：

测试类：

package com.xys.multiplexedmodule;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class TestActivity extends Activity {

	private MultipleTopBar topBar;
	
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        topBar=(MultipleTopBar)findViewById(R.id.topBar);
        topBar.setTopBarClickListener(new TopBarClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void rightBtnClick() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				Toast.makeText(TestActivity.this, "你点击的是右边的按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
			}
			
			@Override
			public void leftBtnClick() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				Toast.makeText(TestActivity.this, "你点击的是左边的按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
			}
		});
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }
    
}

引用模板的布局文件：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.xys.multiplexedmodule"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".TestActivity" >
	<!--一定要加入引用 xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.xys.multiplexedmodule"  -->
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <com.xys.multiplexedmodule.MultipleTopBar
            android:id="@+id/topBar"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            custom:leftBackground="@drawable/ic_launcher"
            custom:leftText="左侧"
            custom:leftTextColor="#ff0000"
            custom:rightBackground="@drawable/ic_launcher"
            custom:rightText="右侧"
            custom:rightTextColor="#ff0000"
            custom:title="自定义标题"
            custom:titleTextColor="#123412"
            custom:titleTextSize="14.0sp" >
        </com.xys.multiplexedmodule.MultipleTopBar>
    </LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

这样我们就可以使用我们新建的模板控件了，效果如下：