一周学完Java基础，第四天，字符串

1.字符转换

 每个字符都对应一个数字,通过ASCII码进行转换.

常见的ASCII值:'A'~'

Z':65~90  'a'~'z':97~122   '0'~'9':48~57 

char c = 'a';
System.out.println((int)c);    //97

int a = 66;
 System.out.println((char)a);   //'B'

2.String类

        String a = "Hello World";
        String b = a; //存储了相同地址
        String c= b + "xyz"; //String通过"+"实现拼接
        String d = "My age is" + 18; //Int类型会自动转换String类型
        String str = String.format("My age is %d",18); //格式化输出
        String money = "123.45"; //将String转化为Double类型
        double money_double = Double.parseDouble(money);
        
        //访问字符串中的某位字符
        String str = "Hello World";
        for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
             System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
        }

3.常用API

(1)length() 返回长度

(2)split(String regex) 分割字符串

        String str = "Hello World xzt";
        String[] strs = str.split(" ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(strs));

(3)indexOf(char c) 查找某个字符，找不到返回-1；indexOf(String str) 查找某个字符串

    String str = "Hello World";
    System.out.println(str.indexOf("l"));     //2
    System.out.println(str.indexOf("World")); //6

(4)equals(): 判断两个字符串是否相等

     String str = "Hello World";
    System.out.println(str.equals("Hello"));  //false

(5)compareTo():比较两个字符串的字典序,相等返回0,小于负数,大于正数

String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println(str.compareTo("Hello"));  //0

(6)startsWith():判断字符串是否以某个前缀开头

    String str = "Hello World";
    System.out.println(str.startsWith("He"));  //true

(7)endswith():判断是否以某个后缀结尾
(8)trim():去掉首尾的空白字符
(9)toLowCase():全部用小写字符
(10)toUpperCase():全部用大写字符

(11)replace(char oldChar,char newChar) 替换字符

        String str = "Hello World";
        System.out.println(str.replace("l","L"));  

(12)replace(String oldRegex,String newRegex) 替换字符 

        String str = "Hello World";
        System.out.println(str.replace("ll","eee")); 
        //(也可以用于删除字符)
        System.out.println(str.replace("ll","")); 

(13)substring(int beginIndex,int endIndex) 返回[beginIndex,endIndex]的子串

        String str = "Hello World";
        System.out.println(str.substring(1,3)); 第1个到第2个 返回的是el

(14)toCharArray()将字符串转化为字符数组

        String str = "Hello World";
        char[] cs = str.toCharArray();
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(cs));  //[H, e, l, l, o,  , W, o, r, l, d]
        //这个API常用于遍历字符串
        for(char c :cs)  System.out.println(c);

(15)StringBuilder,StringBuffer:修改字符串

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hello ");
        sb.append("World"); //拼接字符串
        System.out.println(sb); //Hello World
        
        //修改某个字符
        for(int i=0;i<sb.length();i++)
        {
            sb.setCharAt(i,(char)(sb.charAt(i)+1));
        }
        System.out.println(sb); //Ifmmp!Xpsme

(16)StringBuilder常用API:reverse() 翻转字符串

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hello ");
        sb.append("World"); //拼接字符串
        sb.reverse();
        System.out.println(sb); //dlroW olleH