转载自 http://snowolf.iteye.com/blog/578452
我习惯于使用JSTL展示页面,因此需要在原lib基础上增加jstl.jar和standard.jar,详细lib依赖如下:
引用
aopalliance-1.0.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
log4j-1.2.15.jar
spring-beans-2.5.6.jar
spring-context-2.5.6.jar
spring-context-support-2.5.6.jar
spring-core-2.5.6.jar
spring-tx-2.5.6.jar
spring-web-2.5.6.jar
spring-webmvc-2.5.6.jar
standard.jar
jstl.jar
上一篇文中,我们定义了控制器AccountController:
AccountController.java
- /**
- * 2010-1-23
- */
- package org.zlex.spring.controller;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestUtils;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService;
- /**
- *
- * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/account.do")
- public class AccountController {
- @Autowired
- private AccountService accountService;
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws Exception {
- String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(
- request, "username");
- String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(
- request, "password");
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- }
- }
先说注解 @RequestMapping
这里使用注解 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) 指定这个方法为get请求时调用。同样,我们可以使用注解 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) 指定该方法接受post请求。
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/account.do")
- public class AccountController {
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public void get() {
- }
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public void post() {
- }
- }
这与我们久别的Servlet很相像,类似于doGet()和doPost()方法!
我们也可以将其改造为多动作控制器,如下代码所示:
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/account.do")
- public class AccountController {
- @RequestMapping(params = "method=login")
- public void login() {
- }
- @RequestMapping(params = "method=logout")
- public void logout() {
- }
这样,我们可以通过参数“method”指定不同的参数值从而通过请求("/account.do?method=login"和"/account.do?method=logout")调用不同的方法!
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a6558229767b87df3caca2cbd544f611.gif)
注意:使用多动作控制器必须在配置文件中加入注解支持!
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
当然,我们也可以将注解 @RequestMapping 指定到某一个方法上,如:
- @Controller
- public class AccountController {
- @RequestMapping("/a.do")
- public void a() {}
- @RequestMapping("/b.do")
- public void b() {}
- }
这样,请求“a.do”和“b.do”将对应不同的方法a() 和b()。这使得一个控制器可以同时承载多个请求!
@RequestMapping("/account.do") 是 @RequestMapping(value="/account.do") 的简写!
再说输入参数!
这里的方法名可以随意定义,但是参数和返回值却又要求!
为什么?直接看源代码,我们就能找到答案!
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/fd156494540f006b2f1813627354f9cd.gif)
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter.java部分源代码——有关参数部分:
- @Override
- protected Object resolveStandardArgument(Class parameterType, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
- throws Exception {
- HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) webRequest.getNativeRequest();
- HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) webRequest.getNativeResponse();
- if (ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- return request;
- }
- else if (ServletResponse.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- this.responseArgumentUsed = true;
- return response;
- }
- else if (HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- return request.getSession();
- }
- else if (Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- return request.getUserPrincipal();
- }
- else if (Locale.class.equals(parameterType)) {
- return RequestContextUtils.getLocale(request);
- }
- else if (InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- return request.getInputStream();
- }
- else if (Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- return request.getReader();
- }
- else if (OutputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- this.responseArgumentUsed = true;
- return response.getOutputStream();
- }
- else if (Writer.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {
- this.responseArgumentUsed = true;
- return response.getWriter();
- }
- return super.resolveStandardArgument(parameterType, webRequest);
- }
也就是说,如果我们想要在自定义的方法中获得一些个“标准”输入参数,参数类型必须包含在以下类型中:
引用
ServletRequest
ServletResponse
HttpSession
Principal
Locale
InputStream
OutputStream
Reader
Writer
当然,上述接口其实都是对于HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse的扩展。
此外,我们还可以定义自己的参数。
注意:自定义参数必须是实现类,绝非接口!Spring容器将帮你完成对象初始化工作!
比如说上文中,我们需要参数username和password。我们可以这么写:
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public void hello(String username,String password) {
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- }
如果参数名不能与这里的变量名保持一致,那么我们可以使用注解 @RequestParam 进行强制绑定,代码如下所示:
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public void hello(@RequestParam("username") String u,
- @RequestParam("password") String p) {
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(u, p));
- }
这比起我们之前写的代码有所简洁:
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws Exception {
- String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(
- request, "username");
- String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(
- request, "password");
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- }
ServletRequestUtils类的工作已经由Spring底层实现了,我们只需要把参数名定义一致即可,其内部取参无需关心!
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a6558229767b87df3caca2cbd544f611.gif)
除了传入参数,我们还可以定义即将传出的参数,如加入ModelMap参数:
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public Map hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- model.put("msg", username);
- return model;
- }
这时,我们没有定义页面名称,Spring容器将根据请求名指定同名view,即如果是jap页面,则account.do->account.jsp!
不得不承认,这样写起来的确减少了代码量!
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/fd156494540f006b2f1813627354f9cd.gif)
接着说输出参数!
通过ModelMap,我们可以绑定输出到的页面的参数,但最终我们将要返回到何种页面呢?再次查看AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter源代码!
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter.java部分源代码——有关返回值部分:
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public ModelAndView getModelAndView(Method handlerMethod, Class handlerType, Object returnValue,
- ExtendedModelMap implicitModel, ServletWebRequest webRequest) {
- if (returnValue instanceof ModelAndView) {
- ModelAndView mav = (ModelAndView) returnValue;
- mav.getModelMap().mergeAttributes(implicitModel);
- return mav;
- }
- else if (returnValue instanceof Model) {
- return new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel).addAllObjects(((Model) returnValue).asMap());
- }
- else if (returnValue instanceof Map) {
- return new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel).addAllObjects((Map) returnValue);
- }
- else if (returnValue instanceof View) {
- return new ModelAndView((View) returnValue).addAllObjects(implicitModel);
- }
- else if (returnValue instanceof String) {
- return new ModelAndView((String) returnValue).addAllObjects(implicitModel);
- }
- else if (returnValue == null) {
- // Either returned null or was 'void' return.
- if (this.responseArgumentUsed || webRequest.isNotModified()) {
- return null;
- }
- else {
- // Assuming view name translation...
- return new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel);
- }
- }
- else if (!BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(returnValue.getClass())) {
- // Assume a single model attribute...
- ModelAttribute attr = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerMethod, ModelAttribute.class);
- String attrName = (attr != null ? attr.value() : "");
- ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel);
- if ("".equals(attrName)) {
- Class resolvedType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveReturnType(handlerMethod, handlerType);
- attrName = Conventions.getVariableNameForReturnType(handlerMethod, resolvedType, returnValue);
- }
- return mav.addObject(attrName, returnValue);
- }
- else {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid handler method return value: " + returnValue);
- }
- }
返回值的定义十分庞大,或者说可怕的if-else多少有点让我觉得厌恶!
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/12ab0bdbbc295d73c75960829ea44d6d.gif)
我们可以定义以下类型的返回值:
引用
ModelAndView
Model
View
Map
String
null
ModelAndView、Model和View都是Spring之前版本所特有的元素,Map对应于传入参数ModelMap,String定义页面名称,null即对应void类型方法!
最常用的实现方式如下:
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- model.put("msg", username);
- return "account";
- }
当然,对于我来说在返回值中写入这么一个字符串多少有点不能接受,于是我还是乐于使用输入参数ModelMap+输出参数Map的方式。
给出一个完整的AccountController实现:
AccountController.java
- /**
- * 2010-1-23
- */
- package org.zlex.spring.controller;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService;
- /**
- *
- * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/account.do")
- public class AccountController {
- @Autowired
- private AccountService accountService;
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public Map hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- model.put("msg", username);
- return model;
- }
- }
最后说注解 @Session
如果想将某个ModelMap中的参数指定到Session中,可以使用 @Session 注解,将其绑定为Session熟悉,代码如下所示:
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/account.do")
- @SessionAttributes("msg")
- public class AccountController {
- @Autowired
- private AccountService accountService;
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public Map hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {
- System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));
- model.put("msg", username);
- return model;
- }
- }
当然,我们还需要配置一下对应的视图解析器,给出完整配置:
servelt.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans
- xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
- <context:component-scan
- base-package="org.zlex.spring.controller" />
- <bean
- id="urlMapping"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
- <bean
- id="jstlViewResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
- p:viewClass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"
- p:prefix="/WEB-INF/page/"
- p:suffix=".jsp" />
- </beans>
这里使用了JstlView作为视图解析器。同时,指定前缀路径为"/WEB-INF/page/",后缀路径为".jsp"。也就是说,Spring容器将会在这个路径中寻找匹配的jsp文件!
注意加入 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 命名空间!
再给出页面内容:
taglib.jsp
- <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="sql" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="x" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
account.jap
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/page/taglib.jsp"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Account</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <c:out value="${msg}"></c:out>
- </body>
- </html>
目录结构如图所示:
![](http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/197787/2572b303-eb77-356a-8860-1bda27e9b61e.jpg)
启动应用,最后将得到一个带有内容的页面,如图:
![点击查看原始大小图片](http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/197789/85c713ad-e509-389f-950c-e5002b0e14cd.jpg)